Anatomy of Lower Renal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

outline the false pelvis

A

from iliac crests to pelvic inlet

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2
Q

which cavity is the false pelvis in

A

the abdominal cavity

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3
Q

outline the true pelvis

A

pelvic cavity

from pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

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4
Q

which muscles forms the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

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5
Q
A

coccygeus

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6
Q

which muscles form the pelvic floor

A

the levator ani and coccygeus

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7
Q

where do the ureters enter the pelvic cavity

A

at the area of the sacroiliac joints wehre they cross the pelvic brim

before they were in the retroperitoneal area

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8
Q
A

ischial spine

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9
Q

describe the course of the ureters in the pelvic cavity, and the effects of this

A
  • run down the lateral pelvic walls
  • at the level of the ischial spines, enter the bladder wall in an inferiomedial direction (oblique)
  • this helps to prevent the reflux of urine back into the ureters when the bladder contracts - ureters collapse
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

pouch of Douglas

A

recto uterine pouch in females

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

how does the ureter run in relation to the uterine tubes and uterine artery

A

inferiorly - water under the bridge

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14
Q

how does the ureter run in relation to the vas deferens

A

inferiorly

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15
Q

what are the functions of the bladder

A
  • Temporary storage of urine
  • Assists in the expulsion of urine
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

trigone

A

formed by the 2 ureteric orifices on the base and the internal urethral orifice on the floor

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18
Q

what is the muscle that forms the main bulk of the bladder wall

A

detrusor muscle

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19
Q

how do the bladder muscles prevenet reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter

A

detrusor muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices, these tighten when the bladder contracts

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20
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A
  • in males, the detrusor muscle forms a sphincter around the necl of the bladder
  • this contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder
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21
Q

in females, what is the weight of the uterus born by

A

the bladder

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

which surface of the bladder does peritoneum cover

A

superior

24
Q

where does the bladder extend to

A
  • can extend out of the pelvis - superior part lies superior to the pubic bone
25
Q

what are the 2 routes for catheterising a patients bladder

A
  • urethral
  • suprapubic
26
Q

which is the more common route for catheterising the bladder

A

urethral

27
Q

which urethral sphincter is voluntary

A

external - male and female

skeletal muscle

28
Q

which muscle acts as a sphincter

A

the levator ani as the urethra must pass through it to reach the exterior of the body

29
Q

how long is the female urethra approx

A

4cm

30
Q
A
31
Q

where is the external urethral orifice located

A

in the perineum

32
Q

how long is the male urethra approx

A

20cm

33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q

describe the path of sperm

A
  • Testes located in the scrotum
  • Sperm develop in testes
  • Sperm pass from testis via the vas deferens
  • Each vas deferens lies within the spermatic cord
  • Each spermatic cord passes through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity
  • Within the pelvis each vas deferens connects with the duct from a seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form an ejaculatory duct containing semen(semen = sperm & seminal fluid)
  • The right and left ejaculatory ducts join together within the prostate gland (immediately inferior to the bladder) and drain into the urethra
  • The urethra opens at the external urethral meatus of the penis
36
Q
A
37
Q

describe the development of the testes

A

during embryological and feotal development move fro original position in posterior abdomen through inguinal canal to scrotum

should be here at birth

38
Q

what is the sac called that the testis sit in

A

tunica vaginalis - parietal and visceral layer

39
Q

what is the term for excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis

A

hydrocele

40
Q

contents of the spermatic cord

A
41
Q

what does torsion of the testes cause

A

twisting of the spermatic cord can disrupt the blood supply to the testes, causing severe pain and danger of testicular necrosis

42
Q

where does the vas defens begin

A

at the inferior pole of the testis

43
Q

where is the epididymis palpated

A

posterior aspect of the testis - proximal head

44
Q

where is the vas deferens palpated

A

within the spermatic cord

45
Q

what is the approx size of the prostate gland

A

walnut

46
Q
A
47
Q

which zone of teh prostate is palpated in a rectal exam

A

peripheral - most cancers arise here

48
Q

what are the deep arteries of the penis transmitted in

A

corpus cavernosum

49
Q

what does the corupus spongiosum transmit

A

spongry urethra and expands distally to form the glans

50
Q
A
51
Q

blood supply to penis

A

via the deep arteries of the penis which branch from the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)

52
Q

blood supply to the scrotum

A

via the internal pudendal and branches from external iliac artery

53
Q

where does lymph from the scrotum and most of penis drain to

A

superifical inguinal nodesfound in superfical fasicia in groin

54
Q

where does lymph from teh testis drain to

A

lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

55
Q

where is the root of the penis attached laterally to

A

the ischium

56
Q

name 2 functions of the prostatic urethra

A

drains urine from bladder and passes semen during ejaculation