Anatomy Of Male Reproductive Tract

Question 1

What are the contents of the scrotum

Answer 1

The testis- site of sperm production
Epidiymis- act as a storage resevoir of sper
Spermatic cord- a collection of muscle fibres, vessels nerves and ducts

Question 2

What are some of the structural features of the testis?

Answer 2

Consists of a series of lobules, each containing semiferous tubules that are supported by interstitial tissue, and developing sperm collects in the rete testis, and the ducts known as efferent tubules transport sperm from the rete testis to epididymis for strorage

Question 3

What are the two coverings of the testis?

Answer 3

The tunica vaginalis is situated externally, and the tunica albuignea is a fibrous capulse that encloses the testis and helps to form lobules

Question 4

What are the stages in the development of the testis?

Answer 4

Gondas develop within the mesonephric ridge
Descend through the abdomen
Testes cross the inguinal canal
Testes exit the antero-lateeral abdominal wall

Question 5

What is the blood supply of the testis?

Answer 5

Aterial supply is from paired testicular ateries, which arise from the abdominal aorta

Question 6

What is the venous drainage of the tesits?

Answer 6

Pired testicular veins are fomred from the panifrom plexus within the scrotum
R testicular vein drains the IVC
Left testicular vein froains to the L renal vein

Question 7

What are some of the features of the epidiymis?

Answer 7

Is a single heavily coiled duct, has a head which is the most proximal part formed by the efferent tubes of the testis, and a tail that is the most distal part that marks the origin of the vas deferns

Question 8

What are some of the features of the vas deferns?

Answer 8

Is a straight musclular tube that emerges from the caudal epeipdymis, is contained within the spermatic cord and transports sperm rapidly to the prostatic urethra

Question 9

What are the neurovascular contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 9

Neurovasula- include the testicular atery, the cresmateric A and the atery to vas, and the paniform plexus and the genital brach of the geneo fermal nerve

Question 10

What are the non- neurovasuclar structures of the spermatic cord?

Answer 10

Vas deferns, lympahatics, proccessus vaginalis

Question 11

What are the coverings of the spermatic cord?

Answer 11

The external spematic fascia formed from the aponeursosi of the external oblqiue
The cresmateric muscle and fasci of the internal oblique and the tranverali
And the internal spermatic fascia that is formed by the tranveralsi fascia

Question 12

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 12

A collection of serous fluid within the tuncia vaginalis

Question 13

What is a haemotcele?

Answer 13

A collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis

Question 14

Hwo would you differentate between a hyrdocele and a hameotocele?

Answer 14

Using transilumination, as light would not be able to shine through the blood in a hematocele

Question 15

What is a varicocele?

Answer 15

A gross dilation of the veins draining the testis

Question 16

Which testis is more commonly affected by a varicocele?

Answer 16

The left testis, as the left testicular vein drains into a smaller vessle the left renal vein at a perpindicular angle

Question 17

What is the developmental basis of an inguinal hernia? T

Answer 17

There is reopening of the proccessus vaginalsi, and this allows for a potential continuity between the peritoneal cavity and the tunica vaginalis

Question 18

What is testicular torsion?

Answer 18

The spermatic cord twists upon itself, normally just above the upper pole, and can lead to occulision of the testicular atery causing necrosis of the testis.

Question 19

How does testicular torsion present?

Answer 19

Severe sudden pain in one or both of the testis, onset occurs during excercise or physical activity

Question 20

Where does the innervation to the anterior surface of the scrotum come from?

Answer 20

The lumbar plexus

Question 21

Where does the innervation to the posteiro and inferior surfaces of the testis come from?

Answer 21

The sacral plexus

Question 22

What is the lymphatic drainge of the testis?

Answer 22

The paraotic nodes

Question 23

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scortum?

Answer 23

Drains to the superifical Inguinal nodes

Question 24

What is the course of the vas deferns?

Answer 24

Ascends in the spermatic cord, traverse the inginual canal, tracks around the pelivc side wall, passes between the bladder and the ureter, froms a dilated ampulla and opens in the ejaculatory duct

Question 25

What are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 25

A pair of tubular glands located between the bladder and the recutm, and serete a thick alkaline fluid with fructose, and is a diverticulum of the vas deferns

Question 26

How would you describe the prostate ?

Answer 26

2/3 glandular and 1/3 fibromuscular

Question 27

What is the antomical relationship of the base of the prosate?

Answer 27

The neck of the bladder

Question 28

Antomical realtionship of the apex of the prostate?

Answer 28

Urethral spincther and the deep perineal muscles

Question 29

What are the histolgical divisions of the prostate?

Answer 29

Central zone- surrounds the ejaculator ducts
Transitional zone-located centrally and surorunds the uretha
And periheral zone- main body of the gland and located posteiorly

Question 30

From where are the zones of the prostate dervivied embrylogically?

Answer 30

Central zone- wolfmans duct
Transitional zone- the urogential sinus
Peripheral zone- the urogential sinus

Question 31

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 31

An increase in the size of the middle lobule that is common in old age and impedes urination by obstruction of the internal urethral orifice

Question 32

What are the two main routes of metasis for a prostatic malignancyy?

Answer 32

The lympathic route to the internal iliac and the sacral nodes, and the venous routes from the internal vertal plexus to the vertbrae and the brian

Question 33

What are the different parts of the penis?

Answer 33

A root- the proximal fixed par
A body- the free part located between the root and the glans
Glans- the most distal part, the opening of the urethra and the external urethral orifice

Question 34

What does the internal structure of the penis consist of?

Answer 34

A pair of corpus cavernosa dorsally, and a single corpus spongisum ventrally

Question 35

Where does the vasculature of the penis come from?

Answer 35

The branches of the internal peudenal atery

Question 36

What is the role of bulbospongiosus muscles?

Answer 36

Assciated with the bulb of the penis and contracts to empty the spongy urethra of any residual semen and urine, and the anterior fibres also aid in maintaining a erection

Question 37

What is the role of the ischicavernous muscle?

Answer 37

Surrouns the right and lef cura of the penis, and contracts to frce blood from cavernous spaces and into the corpus cavernosa