Maternal Adaptations To Pregancy

Question 1

Why are there adaptations in the mother to pregancy?

Answer 1

To meet the demands that include support of the fetus, the protections of the fetus, the preparation of the uterus for labour and the protection of the mother form cardiovascular injury at delivery

Question 2

What happens to cardiac output in pregancy?

Answer 2

Increase by 40%

Question 3

What happens to stroke volume in the preganyc?

Answer 3

Increases by 35%

Question 4

What happens to heart rate in pregancy?

Answer 4

Increases by 15%

Question 5

What happens to systemic vascular resistance during preganyc?

Answer 5

Decreases by 25-30%.

Question 6

What happens to blood pressure during pregancy?

Answer 6

In T1 and T2 the progesterone effects on the SV causes hypotension, where as in T3 aortocaval compression by a gravid uterus reduces ther return to the heart and blood pressure returns to normal

Question 7

What happens in preeclamspia?

Answer 7

A normal pregancy is vasodilated and plams expanded, whereas a preeclamptic pregnancy is vasconstricted and plasma constricted

Question 8

What happens to the RPF during pregancy?

Answer 8

Increases by 60-80%

Question 9

What happens to the GFR in pregancy?

Answer 9

Increases by 55%

Question 10

What happens to creatinine clearance during pregancy?

Answer 10

Increases, by 40-50%

Question 11

What happens to protein excertion during pregancy?

Answer 11

Increases

Question 12

What happnes to urea during pregancy?

Answer 12

Decreases

Question 13

What happens to uric acid during pregancy?

Answer 13

Decreases

Question 14

What happens to bicarbonate during preganyc?

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

What happens to cretianine during pregancy>

Answer 15

Decreases

Question 16

Why do you get uranary statsis during pregancy?

Answer 16

Protestion effect on the urianry collection system, there is. Ahyrdoureter due to the realxation of smooth muscle, and this can cause hydroneprhosis and there is also obstruction due ot a gravid uterus

Question 17

What are some of the antaomical changes that happen to the respiratory system during pregancy?

Answer 17

The diaphragm is displaced upwards as pregnancy proccesses, AP and the transverse diameters of the thorax increase

Question 18

What is physiolical hyperventiliation?

Answer 18

Increase metabolic CO2 production, increased respiratory drive due to the affect of progesterone, resulting respiratory alkalosis, that is compensated by increased renal bicarbonate excretion

Question 19

What happens to O2 consumption during pregancy?

Answer 19

Increases by 20%

Question 20

What happens to resting minute ventiliation during pregancy?

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

What happens to tidal volume during pregancy?

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

What happnes to functional residual capacity during pregancy?

Answer 22

Decreases

Question 23

What happens to PaO2 during pregnacy?

Answer 23

Increases

Question 24

What happens to PaCO2 during pregancy?

Answer 24

Decreases

Question 25

What happens to carbohydrate metabolism during pregancy?

Answer 25

Pregnancy increases peripheral insulin resistance, and switch to gluconeogenesis and alternative fuels that is achieved by human placental lactogen

Question 26

What happens to lipid metabolism during pregancy?

Answer 26

Increased in lipolusis from T2, whereas there is an increase in the number of fat stores in T1 under progesterone, and there is a increase in plasma free fatty acids on fasting, and these provide the substate for materaanl metabolism and leave gluocose for fetus

Question 27

What happens to thyroid metabolism during pregancy?

Answer 27

Throyid binding globulin production increased, T3 and T4 increaseed, and HcG has a direct effect on thryoid stimulating and thyroid homrone production

Question 28

What are the antomical changes in the GI system during pregancy?

Answer 28

Alterations in the dispostion of the viscera, for example the appendix moves into RUQ

Question 29

What are some of the physioloigcal changes in the GI system in pregancy?

Answer 29

Smooth muscle relaxation occurs under action of progesterone and causes delayed emptying and nsuae, and there is also bilar tract stasis due to the biochemical changes in gall stone formation

Question 30

What are the changes that occur in the heamtological system during pregancy?

Answer 30

Pregnancy is a prothrmobotic state, and there is increased fibrin deposition nd the implantation site, there is increase dfiborgen and clotting factors, and reduced fibrinolysis

Question 31

How does anaemia occur with pregnacy?

Answer 31

The plasma volume increases, and the red cell mass increases but not as much- and can also occur due to a folate and Fe- deficiency

Question 32

What happens to the immune system during pregancy?

Answer 32

The fetus is an allograft, and there is non specific suppression of the immune system at the materno-fetal interface, and there is also transfer of antibodies that can resullt in hameolytic disease