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Infections Of The Genital Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definiation of a sexually transmitted infection?

A

Includes both symptomatic and symptomatic case, sexual activity is the principle mode of transmission

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2
Q

What is the definition of a sexullary transmitted disease?

A

Is symptomac cases of the infection only

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3
Q

Who are the specific at risk groups for STIs?

A

Young people, certain ethic groups, low socioecomonic status groups, specific aspects of sexual behcanviour including the age at first intercourse, the number of partners, and the sexual orientation and unsafe sexual activity

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4
Q

What are some of the reasons for the increased incidence of STIs?

A

Increased transmission, including changing sexual and social behaviour and the increased density and mobility of populations, increased GUM attendance, greater public, medical and national awareness, and improved diagnostic methods including screening programs

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5
Q

What are some of the STIs that cause gential skin and mucous membrane lesions?

A

Gential ulcers from HSV (and vesicles of bullae)

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6
Q

What are some of the STIs that cause urethiris?

A

Gnoccclol ingections

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7
Q

What are some of the STIs that cause cervicitis?

A

Vulvo-vaginatlis- candiaisa, rihcomonals, staphyloccosa,

Cervicitid- c trochomonals or n ghorrneha

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8
Q

What are the two main types of HPV?

A

HPV 6 and 11 cause causes cutanous, mucossal and gential wart
HPV16 and HPV 18 are the high risk oncogenic types

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9
Q

How would you diangose HPV?

A

Clincal, bioposy adn genome anaylsis hybrid capture

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10
Q

What is the treatment for HPV?

A

None- will spontaneously resolve

Topical pophyllin, cryotheapry, intraleison interferons, and imiquimod surgery

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11
Q

What is the causative organism of chalmyadia?

A

Chalmyadia trachomoatis

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12
Q

What are the features of a chalmydia infection in females?

A

Infection is commonly asymptomatic, however can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease which can give some worse consequences

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13
Q

What are some of the features of chalymadia infections in males?

A

Relatively asymptomatic and of low morbidity, a major risk is that of transmission to a female, and the infection in males usually presents as urethritis

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14
Q

What can happen if chaaymida infects a neonate?

A

Transmitted cervially from the female and can cause conjuctivitis but untreated can progress to pneumonia

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15
Q

How would you diangose chalymadia?

A

A urethral swab in males or a endocervical swab in females, or first catch urine- which is less senstive but more easily accessible

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16
Q

How would you treat chalmaydia?

A

Doxycylicine or asithromycin, or erthoymycin in neonates

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17
Q

What are some of the features of a primary herpes simplex infection?

A

Can be asymptomatic, but extensive painful genital ulceration, dysuria, inginual lumpadenopathy and fever and will generally last 2-3 weeks

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18
Q

Which of the herpes simplex virsuses affects the gentialia?

A

HSV2

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19
Q

How does herpes simplex become latent?

A

Sets up infection in the dorsal root ganglia

20
Q

How would you diangose HSV?

A

PCr of the vesicle fluid and the ulcer base

21
Q

How do you treat HSV?

A

Aciclavar (an antivrial) from primary and severe disease, and to prevent frequent recurrances

22
Q

What is the features of the bacteria neissera gnorhhea?

A

Is a gram negative diplocccoi- that can only be grown on enhriched media

23
Q

What are the features of niessera gnorrhea infection in female patients?

A

Infects the cervix and utrha, may lead to an acute cercicitis with vaginal dischargee and an urethral syndrome where the urethra is infection, can result in chronci pain, PID inferitlit and ecptopic pregancy

24
Q

What are the features of a neissera ghorhhea infection in male paitents?

A

Can have complications such as epidiymitis and dissemnated gonococcal infections

25
Q

How is neisera ghorrhea diagnosed?

A

In females an endocervical swab, a urethral swab and a rectal and pharyngeal wab and in males a urehtral pahryngeal and rectal swabs

26
Q

How would you treat neissera gnorheea?

A

Cefrixtone as developing resistance to many other agents, and also may treat for chalmyadia concomitanty

27
Q

What is the casuative organism of syphillis?

A

Treponema pallidum spirocheate

28
Q

In whom do you get most cases of syphillis?

A

Most cases are in men and MSM

29
Q

What are the features of primary syphillis?

A

A indudate painless lesion called a chancere- is painless and lasts 1-2 months

30
Q

What are some of the features of secondary syphillis?

A

6-8 weeks later is a disseminated form of condition and populates the dermis throughout the popul, causes systemic fever, myalgia, sore throat and headache being common

31
Q

What are some of the features of teritary syphyllis?

A

Usually appears one year ater the disemmanated stage, can involve multiple organs including the cardiovascular and nervous system, and about half of the paitents will die at this stage

32
Q

How do you diangose syphyllis?

A

Using serology, there will be initla screening with eia anibtody test and there specific tests suhc as RPR titire using a cross reacting antigen, TP partilce agguslation

33
Q

How would you treat syphyllis?

A

Penecillin and a test of cure follow up

34
Q

What are some of the potnetial causes of inguinal lymphadenopathy? The

A

C.Trachoma- rapily helaing paulape that an inguinal bulbo

Chrancoid- painful gential ulcers

35
Q

What are some of the features of a trichomonas vaginalis infection?

A

Thin frothy offesnive discharge with irration dysuria and vaginal inflammation

36
Q

How would you diagnose trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Vaginal wet prepartion and culture

37
Q

How would you treat trichmonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

38
Q

What organisms can cuase vulvoaginal candiis?

A

Candia albicans and other candida species

39
Q

What are some of the risk factors for vuvlovaginal candiaisis?

A

Antiboitoics, oral contraceptives, pregancy, obesity, steriods, diabtetics

40
Q

What are some of the features of vavulovaginal candidasis?

A

Profuse, white, itchy, curd like dischardge

41
Q

How would you diangose vulvovaginal candisis?

A

High vaginal smear

42
Q

What are some of the treatment for vulvovaginal candiasis?

A

Topical azols, or nystatin or oral fluoconazole

43
Q

What are some of the features of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Pertubed normal flora such as gardenaells, and scanty but offensive dishy discahrdge

44
Q

How would you diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

A

Vaginal pH>5, KOH whiff test, and labotry dinaogis HVS gram stained smear

45
Q

How would you treat bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

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