Anatomy of Swallowing

Question 1

what is deglutition?

Answer 1

swallowing

Question 2

what are the three phases of swallowing?

Answer 2

oral phase
pharyngeal phase
oesophageal phase

Question 3

which phase of swallowing is voluntary?

Answer 3

oral

Question 4

what is involved in the oral phase of swallowing?

Answer 4

mastication
bolus manipulation
formation of labial seal

Question 5

what is involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Answer 5

hyolaryngeal elevation

constriction of pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Question 6

what is involved in the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

Answer 6

relaxation of the upper oesophageal sphincter

Question 7

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 7

CN V3

Question 8

what muscle creates the labial seal during the oral phase of swallowing?

Answer 8

orbicularis oris

Question 9

what nerve innervates the soft palate?

Answer 9

CN X

Question 10

what depresses in the oral phase of swallowing to form an oropharyngeal seal?

Answer 10

the soft palate

Question 11

what are the greater and lesser palatine nerves branches of?

Answer 11

the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 12

what modality does CN XII contain?

Answer 12

somatic motor only

Question 13

what does CN XII supply in the mouth?

Answer 13

all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus

Question 14

where does CN XII extend from in the brain?

Answer 14

the medulla

Question 15

how does CN XII leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 15

through the hypoglossal canal

descends close to the carotid sheath

Question 16

how does CN XII enter the floor of the mouth?

Answer 16

courses lateral to hyoglossus

Question 17

what initiates the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Answer 17

delivery of the food bolus to the oropharynx

Question 18

how long does the pharyngeal phase of swallowing last?

Answer 18

less than a second

more than this suggests a problem

Question 19

what moves the hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Answer 19

suprahyoid

longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

Question 20

what does hyolaryngeal elevation in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing achieve?

Answer 20

forces the epiglottis to cover the laryngeal aditus

protects the airway

Question 21

what is the upper oesophageal sphincter called?

Answer 21

the cricopharyngeus

Question 22

when does the oesophageal phase of swallowing start?

Answer 22

once the upper oesophageal sphincter has opened

Question 23

how long does the oesophageal phase of swallowing last?

Answer 23

8-20 seconds

Question 24

what innervates the cricopharyngeus?

Answer 24

external laryngeal nerve

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 25

what does the retropharyngeal space have communication with and what can this mean?

Answer 25

mediastinum spread of infection between the two

Question 26

what does the pharyngeal plexus innervate?

Answer 26

the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx (except tensor veli palatini) sensory component of the mucosa

Question 27

what forms the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 27

CN IX | CN X