Ear Disease

Question 1

what are the three types of hearing loss?

Answer 1

conductive
sensorineural
mixed

Question 2

what type of hearing loss does otitis externa cause?

Answer 2

conductive

Question 3

what is otitis externa?

Answer 3

inflammation of the skin of the ear canal

Question 4

what causes otitis externa?

Answer 4

infection - bacteria or fungi

inflammation

Question 5

name two fungi that can cause otitis externa

Answer 5

candida

aspergillus

Question 6

what are three common triggers for otitis externa?

Answer 6

water
cotton buds
skin conditions

Question 7

how does otitis externa present?

Answer 7

pain
hearing loss
discharge

Question 8

who is more commonly affected by acute otitis media?

Answer 8

children

Question 9

what commonly causes acute otitis media?

Answer 9

an URTI spreading up the eustachian tube

Question 10

what antibiotic should be given if one is needed for acute otitis media?

Answer 10

amoxicillin

Question 11

what type of hearing loss does acute otitis media cause?

Answer 11

conductive

Question 12

who is more commonly affected by otitis media with effusion?

Answer 12

children

Question 13

what is another name for otitis media with effusion?

Answer 13

glue ear

Question 14

what is otitis media with effusion associated with?

Answer 14

eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction

Question 15

when otitis media with effusion occurs in adults, what causes need to be considered?

Answer 15

rhinosinusitis

nasopharyngeal carcinoma/lymphoma

Question 16

what type of hearing loss does otitis media with effusion cause?

Answer 16

conductive

Question 17

if a tympanogram is done in otitis media with effusion, what would be seen?

Answer 17

it would be flat

Question 18

how can hearing loss in children present?

Answer 18

issues with speech and language

behavioural issues

Question 19

what is a common cause of TM perforation?

Answer 19

acute otitis media

trauma

Question 20

how does TM perforation heal?

Answer 20

usually spontaneously

Question 21

what is cholesteatoma?

Answer 21

presence of keratin in the middle ear that erodes surrounding bone

Question 22

how does cholesteatoma present?

Answer 22

hearing loss

discharge

Question 23

how is cholesteatoma managed?

Answer 23

surgical excision

Question 24

what are the possible complications of a cholesteatoma spreading medially?

Answer 24

sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
vertigo
facial palsy

Question 25

what are the possible complications of a cholesteatoma spreading suepriorly?

Answer 25

brain abscess | meningitis

Question 26

what are the possible complications of a cholesteatoma spreading posteriorly?

Answer 26

venous sinus thrombosis

Question 27

what hearing loss does otosclerosis cause?

Answer 27

gradual onset conductive

Question 28

who is more commonly affected by otosclerosis and why?

Answer 28

women thought to be associated with high oestrogen

Question 29

when does otosclerosis progress more rapidly?

Answer 29

pregnancy

Question 30

what is otosclerosis?

Answer 30

the fixation of the stapes footplate

Question 31

how can otosclerosis be treated?

Answer 31

hearing aids | stapedectomy

Question 32

what is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 32

presbycusis

Question 33

what sounds to patients with presbycusis have difficulties with?

Answer 33

high frequency sounds

Question 34

what does the audiogram of someone with noise induced hearing loss look like?

Answer 34

a dip at 4kHz

Question 35

how can noise induced hearing loss be prevented?

Answer 35

ear protection

Question 36

what drugs can cause sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 36

gentamicin chemotherapy aspirin and NSAIDs if overdosed

Question 37

what is vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 37

a benign tumour in the internal auditory meatus

Question 38

where does vestibular schwannoma expand into as it grows?

Answer 38

the cerebellopontine angle in the posterior cranial fossa

Question 39

describe the rate of growth of a vestibular schwannoma

Answer 39

very slow

Question 40

how does vestibular schwannoma present?

Answer 40

hearing loss and tinnitus worse in one ear | imbalance if large

Question 41

what type of hearing loss does vestibular schwannoma cause?

Answer 41

sensorineural

Question 42

how is vestibular schwannoma diagnosed?

Answer 42

MRI scan

Question 43

what is haemotympanum?

Answer 43

when the middle ear is filled with blood and the TM appears red

Question 44

what is the pattern of bruising seen in a base of skull fracture?

Answer 44

battle sign

Question 45

what are three possible complications of skull fractures?

Answer 45

hearing loss facial palsy CSF leak