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Y2 ENT > Ear Disease > Flashcards

Ear Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of hearing loss?

A

conductive
sensorineural
mixed

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2
Q

what type of hearing loss does otitis externa cause?

A

conductive

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3
Q

what is otitis externa?

A

inflammation of the skin of the ear canal

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4
Q

what causes otitis externa?

A

infection - bacteria or fungi

inflammation

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5
Q

name two fungi that can cause otitis externa

A

candida

aspergillus

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6
Q

what are three common triggers for otitis externa?

A

water
cotton buds
skin conditions

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7
Q

how does otitis externa present?

A

pain
hearing loss
discharge

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8
Q

who is more commonly affected by acute otitis media?

A

children

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9
Q

what commonly causes acute otitis media?

A

an URTI spreading up the eustachian tube

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10
Q

what antibiotic should be given if one is needed for acute otitis media?

A

amoxicillin

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11
Q

what type of hearing loss does acute otitis media cause?

A

conductive

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12
Q

who is more commonly affected by otitis media with effusion?

A

children

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13
Q

what is another name for otitis media with effusion?

A

glue ear

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14
Q

what is otitis media with effusion associated with?

A

eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction

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15
Q

when otitis media with effusion occurs in adults, what causes need to be considered?

A

rhinosinusitis

nasopharyngeal carcinoma/lymphoma

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16
Q

what type of hearing loss does otitis media with effusion cause?

A

conductive

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17
Q

if a tympanogram is done in otitis media with effusion, what would be seen?

A

it would be flat

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18
Q

how can hearing loss in children present?

A

issues with speech and language

behavioural issues

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19
Q

what is a common cause of TM perforation?

A

acute otitis media

trauma

20
Q

how does TM perforation heal?

A

usually spontaneously

21
Q

what is cholesteatoma?

A

presence of keratin in the middle ear that erodes surrounding bone

22
Q

how does cholesteatoma present?

A

hearing loss

discharge

23
Q

how is cholesteatoma managed?

A

surgical excision

24
Q

what are the possible complications of a cholesteatoma spreading medially?

A

sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
vertigo
facial palsy

25
Q

what are the possible complications of a cholesteatoma spreading suepriorly?

A

brain abscess

meningitis

26
Q

what are the possible complications of a cholesteatoma spreading posteriorly?

A

venous sinus thrombosis

27
Q

what hearing loss does otosclerosis cause?

A

gradual onset conductive

28
Q

who is more commonly affected by otosclerosis and why?

A

women

thought to be associated with high oestrogen

29
Q

when does otosclerosis progress more rapidly?

A

pregnancy

30
Q

what is otosclerosis?

A

the fixation of the stapes footplate

31
Q

how can otosclerosis be treated?

A

hearing aids

stapedectomy

32
Q

what is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

presbycusis

33
Q

what sounds to patients with presbycusis have difficulties with?

A

high frequency sounds

34
Q

what does the audiogram of someone with noise induced hearing loss look like?

A

a dip at 4kHz

35
Q

how can noise induced hearing loss be prevented?

A

ear protection

36
Q

what drugs can cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A

gentamicin
chemotherapy
aspirin and NSAIDs if overdosed

37
Q

what is vestibular schwannoma?

A

a benign tumour in the internal auditory meatus

38
Q

where does vestibular schwannoma expand into as it grows?

A

the cerebellopontine angle in the posterior cranial fossa

39
Q

describe the rate of growth of a vestibular schwannoma

A

very slow

40
Q

how does vestibular schwannoma present?

A

hearing loss and tinnitus worse in one ear

imbalance if large

41
Q

what type of hearing loss does vestibular schwannoma cause?

A

sensorineural

42
Q

how is vestibular schwannoma diagnosed?

A

MRI scan

43
Q

what is haemotympanum?

A

when the middle ear is filled with blood and the TM appears red

44
Q

what is the pattern of bruising seen in a base of skull fracture?

A

battle sign

45
Q

what are three possible complications of skull fractures?

A

hearing loss
facial palsy
CSF leak

Y2 ENT (24 decks)

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