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BIOL 314 Exam 4 > Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

the genetic sex of a female is determined at

A

time of fertilization from the X chromosome that is carried by the sperm

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2
Q

the female gonads develop from

A

mesoderm in the embryo

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3
Q

absence of Y chromosome and its sex determining gene allows

A

undifferentiated gonads to develop into ovaries

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4
Q

the female reproductive ducts develop from

A

the paramesonephros in the embryo

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5
Q

absence of testosterone prevents

A

mesonephros from developing

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6
Q

absence of Muellerian-inhibiting factor allows

A

Muellerian ducts to develop

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7
Q

the female external genitalia develop from

A

the genital tubercle

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8
Q

in formation of external genitalia the absence of testosterone prevents

A

lateral buttresses and glans from enlarging and prevents labiosacral swellings from fusing together

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9
Q

the ovaries are

A

the female gonads

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10
Q

ovaries are

A

cytogenic because they produce new oocytes within follicles

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11
Q

ovaries function as

A

endocrine glands to produce estrogens and progesterone

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12
Q

and ovary is roughly the size and shape of

A

an almond and it is suspended in the pelvic cavity by a collection of ligaments

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13
Q

attaches to broad ligament at back of uterus by

A

mesovarium

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14
Q

ovarian ligament attaches

A

medial surface to uterus

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15
Q

suspensory ligament attaches

A

lateral surface to wall of pelvic cavity

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16
Q

There is or is not a direct connection between an ovary and the female reproductive tract

A

NOT

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17
Q

blood vessels and nerves enter through

A

hilus

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18
Q

a cross section of an ovary would show

A

several layers

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19
Q

germinal epithelium

A

covers surface of ovary (flat layer)

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20
Q

tunica albuginea

A

is inside germinal epithelium and is made of connective tissue of ovary

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21
Q

stroma is

A

at center of ovary and is made of connective tissue

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22
Q

cortex of stroma is

A

involved in egg development and filled with fine strands of tissue

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23
Q

medulla of stroma contains

A

ovarian blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

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24
Q

during embryonic development, primordial germ cells

A

migrate to a developing ovary, which causes the primary sex cords to grow into the germinal epithelium

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25
during embryonic development cortex
expands, medulla contracts, primary sex cords degenerate
26
ovary is homologous to
a testis
27
cells in medulla that surround primordial germ cell become
follicle cells, which are homologous to interstitial cells of Leydig
28
primordial germs cells become
oogonia
29
oogonia are homologous to
spermatogonia
30
homologous means
arisen from same embryonic tissue
31
the uterine (fallopian) tubes contain
smooth muscle and they are lined with cilia and they extend laterally from an ovary toward the uterus
32
infundibulum
the distal, funnel-shaped end of a fallopian tube
33
fimbriae
"catch" oocytes and are fingerlike
34
beyond the infundibulum is
an enlarged ampulla, where fertilization usually takes place
35
the ampulla leads to
a short, narrow isthmus that attaches to the wall of the uterus
36
the uterus is
a hollow, muscular organ roughly the size and shape of a pear and it is located between the urinary bladder and the rectum
37
uterus is held in place by
broad ligaments that attach it to either side of the pelvic cavity
38
uterosacral ligaments attach
uterus to sacrum
39
round ligaments attach
uterus to external genitalia
40
there are _________ regions of the uterus
3
41
perimetrium
covers uterus- thin outer layer of connective tissue
42
myometrium
is a thick layer of smooth muscle, causes labor contractions and menstrual cramps
43
endometrium
highly vascular mucous membrane that lines uterine cavity
44
stratum functionalis of endometrium
proliferates monthly and sloughs off during menstruation
45
startum basalis or endometrium
is a permanent source for replacement of stratum functionalis after completion of each menstrual cycle
46
the vagina
a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to the vaginal orifice
47
cervix protrudes
into vagina to from fornix (a deep recess)
48
the wall of the vagina consists of
3 layers
49
inner epithelium of vagina forms
vaginal rugae that secrete mucus and other substances to produce an acidic environment
50
rugae produce
friction during intercourse to stimulate ejaculation
51
middle layer of vagina
contains smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
52
outer layer of vagina
anchors vagina in pelvic cavity and is made of connective tissue
53
the vaginal orifice is partially to fully covered at birth by
a thin membranous hymen that usually ruptures during childhood activity
54
the vagina serves as
the female copulatory organ, forms lower portion of the birth canal and provides a passage from menstrual flow out of the body
55
the lack of testosterone during development causes
the mesonephros to degenerate
56
while the absence of Muellerian inhibiting factor allows
the Muellerian ducts to differentiate
57
Fallopian tubes form
upper, unfused, funnel shaped ends of Muellerian ducts
58
uterus and broad ligaments form when
when middle portions of Muellerian ducts fuse
59
inner two thirds of vagina forms when
distal portions of the Muellerian ducts unite with urogenital sinus
60
what is homologous to the male vas deferens?
nothing
61
the female external genitalia are collectively referred to as
the vulve or pudendum
62
mons pubis
a mound of fatty tissue covered with skin and coarse hair that cushions the pubic symphysis and vulva during sexual intercourse
63
labia majora
fleshy folds covered by pubic hair that extend from the mons pubis
64
labia minora
located inside the labia majora and have no pubic hair
65
clitoris
a nodule of erectile tissue at the anterior junction of the labia minora
66
labia minora form
prepuse that covers clitoris
67
shaft of clitoris
contains corpora cavernosa clitoris; spongy erectile tissue
68
glans clitoris
richly innervated and extremely sensitive to touch
69
the vestibule
the area enclosed by the labia minora
70
urethral orifice
located behind clitoris
71
vaginal orifice
posterior opening
72
vestibular bulbs
masses of erectile tissue located deep in labia majora on either side of vaginal orifice
73
during sexual intercourse the vestibular bulbs
become engorged with blood to increase pressure on penis during sexual intercourse
74
Bartholin's glands
produce and secrete mucus during sexual arousal (located on either side of vaginal orifice) lubricate vestibule in preparation of sexual intercourse
75
skene's glands produces
secretions to keep urethral orifice moist and lubricated | - tiny glands on either side of vaginal orifice
76
the genital tubercle differentiates into the
vulva in the absence of testosterone
77
urethral folds become
labia minora (do not fuse)
78
lateral buttresses
disappear, except for upper portion that becomes clitoris, which is homologous to penis
79
labioscrotal swellings remain
unfused and become labia majora, which are homologous to scrotum
80
the urethral groove remains open, but
a partition separates it into two open regions
81
posterior opening becomes
vaginal orifice' urethral groove grows inward from this opening to form lower one-third of vagina
82
anterior opening becomes
the external urethral orifice; urethral groove grows inward from this opening to form urinary bladder
83
lateral growths along the urethra become
Bartholin's glands and skene glands
84
bartholin's glands form
ducts that link them with vagina
85
bartholins glands are homologous to
bulbourethral glands
86
skene glands establish
ducts that open into vestibule
87
skene glands are
homologous to prostate glands
88
the breasts are
secondary sex structures that consist of adipose tissue covered by skin
89
location of breasts
above pectoralis major muscles and supported by suspensory ligaments
90
as a female grows older- suspensory ligaments
become weaker and her breasts sag causing condition known as "coopers droop"
91
breasts size and breasts shape are determined by
amount of adipose tissue
92
each breast bears a
cylindrical nipple surrounded by a pigmented areola
93
areola may appear
rough; contains modified sebaceous glands that secrete oils to keep nipple soft and pliable while infant nurses
94
internal mammary glands
actually modified sweat glands from the integument that consist of 15-20 lobes subdivided into lobules
95
each lobule of interal mammary glands
contains milk secreting alveoli
96
milk secreation into
lactiferous ducts, which form lactiferous sinuses before they converge at nipple
97
milk can be temporarily stored in
lactiferous sinuses when a female is nursing
98
myoepithelial cells
along length of lactiferous ducts contract and force milk toward nipple

BIOL 314 Exam 4 (13 decks)

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