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Brain and behaviour > Anatomy of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland > Flashcards

Anatomy of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the positioning of the third ventricle?

A

Narrow vertical slit in the forebrain that runs antero-posteriorly along the midline above the midbrain
Lies between left and right thalamus

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus consist of?

A

Group of nuclei on the side of the anterior most part of the third ventricle

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3
Q

Where does the pituitary gland lie?

A

Sits in pituitary fossa in the sphenoid bone below hypothalamus

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4
Q

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Via the pituitary stalk

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5
Q

What is known as the control centre of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Hypothalumus

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6
Q

What is the proper name for pituitary stalk?

A

Infundibulum

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7
Q

Which part of the pituitary gland is classified as part of the brain?

A

Posterior pituitary

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8
Q

2 outputs from hypothalamus to pituitary?

A

Mangocellular and parvocellular

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9
Q

Where do mangocellular neurones project to?

A

Posterior lobe

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10
Q

Where does the anterior lobe of the pituitary develop from?

A

Ectoderm in roof of the mouth.

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11
Q

Where does the posterior lobe of the pituitary develop from?

A

Downward pouch of brain tissue into floor of third ventricle

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12
Q

What surrounds the pituitary gland laterally

A

Cavernous sinus

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13
Q

What sensors does hypothalamus use to control body temperature?

A 
Thermoreceptors on anterior nucleus of hypothalmus (blood temp)
Cutaneous thermoreceptors (C fibre endings) for skin temp
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14
Q

3 changes that occur if temp is too high?

A

sweat secreted- heat lost by evaporation
cutaneous vasodilation: blood goes to superficial capillaries
person becomes inactive

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15
Q

4 changes that occur if temp is too low?

A

No sweat produced
Piloerection
Arteriole constriction
Shivering

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16
Q

What are some long term adaptations to high temperature?

A

Increasing number and activity of sweat glands and cutaneous capillaries

17
Q

What are some long term adaptations to low temperature?

A

Increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone and deposition of body fat

18
Q

Which nuclei in hypothalamus send axons to posterior pituitary to regulate water balance?

A

Paraventricular and supraoptic

19
Q

Is posterior pituitary a fast or slow release system?

A

Fast release

20
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Promotes milk release from milk ducts in lactating mother

21
Q

2 main hormones secreted from posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

22
Q

What is the general sequence leading to hormone release from anterior pituitary gland?

A

Nuclei in hypothalamus release peptide hormones into capillaries
Act on endocrine cells in ant.
Pituitary cellss release ssecond hormone into venous blood

23
Q

Name the 6 hormones released from anterior pituitary gland

A 
Adrenocortiotrophic hormone
Prolactin
Luteinising hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
24
Q

What hormone controls release of ACTH?

A

Released by corticotrophic releasing hormone

25
Q

What hormone controls prolactin release?

A

Prolactin inhibiting factors inhibit release

26
Q

What hormone controls release of LH?

A

Gonadotrophic releasing hormones

27
Q

What hormone controls release of FSH?

A

Gonadotrophic releasing hormone

28
Q

What hormone controls release of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Thryoid releasing hormone

29
Q

Why is prolactin controlled by inhibitory control?

A

It is more active

30
Q

What hormone(s) control release of growth hormone

A

Released by growth hormone releasing hormone

Inhibited by growth hormone inhibiting hormone

31
Q

Where is cortisol released from?

A

Cells in adrenal cortex

32
Q

Which part of the pituitary gland contains cortisol receptors

A

Anterior part

33
Q

High levels of cortisol causes…

A

release of ACTH

34
Q

What causes release of cortisol from adrenal cortex

A

High levels of ACTH

35
Q

Why are anterior hormones released in a rhythmic fashion?

A

Because they are subject to compelx negative feedback regulation

Brain and behaviour (22 decks)

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