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Brain and behaviour > Peripheral organisation of cranial nerves > Flashcards

Peripheral organisation of cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

Where in CNI derived from?

A

The olfactory bulb, which sits just under the frontal cortex over the frontal bone and ethmoid bone

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3
Q

Function of CN I?

A

Sensory for smell

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4
Q

Name CN II

A

Optic nerve

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5
Q

What foramen does CN I pass through?

A

Olfactory foramen

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6
Q

What is the optic canal a foramen for?

A

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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7
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Cranial nerves III,IV, VI and the first part of V

Ophthalmic vein

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8
Q

Where do the extraocular eye muscles attach?

A

The outside of the eye

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9
Q

What are the 6 extraocular eye muscles?

A

4 rectus muscles: superior, inferior, medial and lateral

2 oblique muscles: superior and inferior

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10
Q

Where do the four rectus muscles originate and attach?

A

Originate from common tendinous ring and attach to the sclera, anterior to the equator of the eye

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11
Q

Describe the passage and attachment of the superior oblique muscle

A

Travels up the medial side of eye and goes to trochlea which is a pulley. Goes through pulley to insert in sclera posterior to equator

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12
Q

Where does the inferior oblique muscle emerge from and insert into?

A

Emerges from maxilla inserts into sclera posterior to equator of the eye

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13
Q

What is the name of CN III?

A

Occulomotor

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14
Q

Which two muscles does the occulomotor nerve NOT supply

A

Superior oblique and lateral rectus

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15
Q

What cranial nerves supply superior oblique and lateral rectus?

A

Superior oblique= IV

Lateral rectus= VI

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16
Q

Where do oculomotor parasympathetic fibres supply?

A

Pupil/ intrinsic muscles of the eye

Oculomotor parasympathetic fibres travel to ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

What is the action of medial rectus?

A

Adducts (turns eye in)

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18
Q

What is the action of lateral rectus?

A

Abduct (turns eye out)

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19
Q

What is the action of superior rectus?

A

Elevation and adduction

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20
Q

What is the action of inferior rectus?

A

Depression

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21
Q

What is the action of superior oblique

A

Intorts

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22
Q

What is the action of inferior oblique

A

Extorts

23
Q

Which muscles aid superior rectus in adduction and elevation

A

Inferior oblique and medial rectus

24
Q

What would you see in oculomotor nerve palsy?

A

The only muscle that still has tone is superior oblique and lateral rectus. Eye will be down and out. Also constant dilation due to unopposed sympathetic innervation

25
Q

What would you see in trochlea nerve palsy?

A

Paralyses the superior oblique. Right eye is up and in. Patients attempt to minimise this by tilting head so could complain of neck pain.

26
Q

What would you see in abducens palsy?

A

Loss of ability to abduct eye. Paralysis of lateral rectus.

27
Q

What is the name of CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

28
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

29
Q

What does CN V supply (generally)

A

Sensory nerve of the face. Supplies skin and deeper structure such as mucous membrane and anterior 2/3 of the tongue

30
Q

What does the ophthalmic nerve branch into?

A

Lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary

31
Q

What does lacrimal nerve supply?

A

Lacrimal glands

32
Q

What does the frontal nerve supply?

A

Forehead

33
Q

Is the maxillary sensory, motor or mixed?

A

Sensory

34
Q

What do the branches of maxillary nerve supply?

A

Superior alveolar branches go to superior dentition
Infraorbital opens up onto face via infraorbital foramen
Palatine goes to palate

35
Q

What is the mandibular nerve motor to?

A

Muscles of mastication

36
Q

What are the 2 main sensory branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Inferior alveolar and lingual

37
Q

What does the inferior alveolar supply?

A

Sensory to lower dentition

38
Q

What does the lingual nerve supply?

A

Sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue

39
Q

What is the name of CN VII

A

Facial nerve

40
Q

What is the motor function of the facial nerve?

A

Superficial muscles of facial expression

41
Q

What is the chorda tympani?

A

Parasympathetic branch of facial nerve, travels with 3. Special sensory related to taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

42
Q

What is the greater petrosal nerve?

A

Higher parasympathetic branch of facial nerve- passes through parotid but does not supply

43
Q

What is the name CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

44
Q

Where does CN IX exit?

A

jugular foramen

45
Q

Function of glossopharyngeal nerve (3)

A

Parasympathetic to parotid gland
Special sensory to back of tongue
Sensory to the oropharynx

46
Q

What is the afferent and efferent to gag reflex

A 
Afferent= glossopharyngeal
Efferent= vagus
47
Q

How does the vagus nerve run down the neck?

A

In the carotid sheath

Between medial carotid arteries and interal jugular veins

48
Q

What is the name of CN XI?

A

Spinal accesory nerve

49
Q

Where does CN XI emerge?

A

Cranium not the brain

50
Q

Where do nerve rootlets of CN XI arise from?

A

C5-C6

51
Q

How do nerve rootlets travel up to brain?

A

Form a nerve and ascend cranial cavity via foramen magnum. Exit through jugular foramen

52
Q

What does CN XI supply?

A

Somatic motor fibres to accesory muscles of breathing (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)

53
Q

What is the name of CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

54
Q

How is the hypoglossal nerve formed?

A

Rootlets from the medulla. Leaves the hypoglossal canal. Joined by C1 and C2 which go into infrahyoid muscles.

Brain and behaviour (22 decks)

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