Blood supply to the brain

Question 1

What is the average brain blood flow per minute?

Answer 1

46ml/100g

Question 2

Briefly describe how blood vessels in brain differ to other parts of the body

Answer 2

Arteries: thin walled, easily blocked
Veins: thin walled, no muscles of elasticity and no valves

Question 3

What does the carotid artery supply?

Answer 3

80% of cerebral blood flow.

Anterior 2/3 of cortex (frontal, parietal, some occipital some temporal)

Question 4

What do vertebral arteries supply?

Answer 4

20% of cerebral blood flow.

Brainstem, cerebellum some posterior cerebrum

Question 5

Where does the carotid artery enter skull and where does it go to?

Answer 5

Carotid canal

Moves to cavernous sinus

Question 6

Which 2 main arteries does it split into?

Answer 6

Middle cerebral and anterior cerebral

Question 7

How do vertebral arteries travel up the neck?

Answer 7

Through transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

Question 8

What do vertebral arteries anastomose to form?

Answer 8

Basilar artery

Question 9

How do posterior and anterior arteries connect?

Answer 9

Via the circle of willis

Question 10

What does the basilar artery divide into?

Answer 10

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 11

Main branch of anterior circulation?

Answer 11

Internal carotid artery

Question 12

Name the four main branches of the internal carotid artery

Answer 12

Ophthalmic, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating

Question 13

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

Answer 13

Orbit and retina

Question 14

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 14

Basal ganglia, internal capsule and lateral 2/3 of the cortex

Question 15

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 15

Inner wall of frontal and parietal lobe

Question 16

What does the posterior communicating do?

Answer 16

Links to vertebral system

Question 17

How does the middle cerebral artery supply deep structures in brain?

Answer 17

Sends of striate arteries which supply internal capsule

Also supplies lateral 2/3 of cortex wall

Question 18

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 18

Axon tract travelling to/ from the cortex

Question 19

How does the anterior cerebral supply deep structures in the brain?

Answer 19

Comes forward over the corpus collosum to send branches to medial wall of cortex

Question 20

Where is the primary motor cortex located? What vessel supplies it?

Answer 20

Parietal lobe on post central gyrus

Anterior cerebral

Question 21

What do vertebral arteries supply?

Answer 21

Spinal cord, dorsal medulla of brainstem.

Also sends of posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 22

What vessels supply the pons?

Answer 22

Pontine arteries- branches of basilar

Question 23

What vessels supply the cerebellum?

Answer 23

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery

Question 24

What does the posterior cerebellar artery supply?

Answer 24

Inferior and medial aspects and temporal and occipital cortex

Question 25

What does the posterior cerebellar artery (usually) anastomose with?

Answer 25

middle cerebral artery

Question 26

What vessels supply the medulla

Answer 26

Part of anterior spinal | Lateral posterior part supplied by posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 27

In which structure does the internal carotid artery make 2 acute turns?

Answer 27

Cavernous sinus

Question 28

Where do the superficial cerebral veins cross?

Answer 28

Subarachnoid space

Question 29

What 2 things drain into dural sinuses

Answer 29

CSF and venous blood

Question 30

What do superficial cerebral veins drain into?

Answer 30

Dural venous sinuses

Question 31

Which vessel does the majority of cerebral blood drain into?

Answer 31

Internal jugular vein

Question 32

What is unique about cavernous sinus?

Answer 32

only place where artery travels through venous structure

Question 33

Where do cerebral aneryms usually occur?

Answer 33

where an artery divides or where 2 arteries meet

Question 34

Which is the most common artery to undergo an ischaemic stroke?

Answer 34

MCA

Question 35

Symptoms of MCA stroke with dominant hemisphere

Answer 35

global apahsia sensorimotor loss on colateral face upper limb and trunk legs are fine

Question 36

Symptoms of MCA with non dominant hemisphere

Answer 36

Neglect syndrome- if you ask them to draw a picture they forget the left hand side as right side of brain isn't working

Question 37

Symptoms of ACA stroke

Answer 37

Contralateral sensorimotor loss below waste Urinary incontinence Personality defect

Question 38

Symptoms of PCA stroke

Answer 38

Contralateral homonymous hernianopsia Reading and writing defects Impaired memory

Question 39

Symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 39

Affects PICA Vertigo, nausea and vomiting, dysaethia, dysphonia, loss of contralateral pain and temp in body loss of ipsilateral pain and temp in face loss of gag reflex