Overview of the nervous system

Question 1

Why is there usually a multi-vesicular release in peripheral nervous system?

Answer 1

Because muscles always require a response

Question 2

What neurotransmitter mediates excitatory reactions in post-synaptic PNS?

Answer 2

acetyl choline

Question 3

What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 3

Glutamate

Question 4

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 4

GABA in the brain, glycine in the spinal cord

Question 5

3 glial cells in the brain?

Answer 5

astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrites

Question 6

2 glial cells in the periphery?

Answer 6

Shawnn cells and satellite cells

Question 7

Why are most brain tumours gliomas?

Answer 7

Because neurones cannot divide by mitosis so can’t form tumours

Question 8

Define gyrus and sulcus

Answer 8

Gyrus is the ridge, sulcus is the valley

Question 9

Name the 5 lobes of the brain

Answer 9

frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal and limbic

Question 10

General function of the frontal lobe

Answer 10

Higher cognitive function and motor functions

Question 11

General function of the parietal lobe

Answer 11

Somatosensory integration. Spatial awareness

Question 12

General function of temporal lobe

Answer 12

Memory

Question 13

General function of occipital

Answer 13

Visual and auditory memories

Question 14

General function of the limbic lobe

Answer 14

Emotions, processing

Question 15

Where is the Limbic lobe situated?

Answer 15

Medial side of each hemisphere- can’t be seen from outside the brain

Question 16

What is the function of Broca’s area

Answer 16

language processing

Question 17

What is the function of Wernickes area

Answer 17

Language comprehension

Question 18

What is the corpus collosum?

Answer 18

The major tract of the human brain. Pathway that allows integration between left and right hemispheres

Question 19

What is the anterior commissure?

Answer 19

Connects the two temporal lobes. Internal capsule goes all the way to the spinal cord allowing movement.

Question 20

Where is the thalamus positioned?

Answer 20

Lies on either side of the third ventricle

Question 21

Function of astrocytes?

Answer 21

Provide physical and nutritional support for neurons. Clean up debris, transport nutrients, hold in place, regulate content of ECS.

Question 22

Function of microglia?

Answer 22

Specialised macrophages- phagocytosis for neurons

Question 23

Function of oligodendroglia?

Answer 23

Produce myelin in the CNS

Question 24

Function of Shwann cells?

Answer 24

Produce myelin in the PNS

Question 25

Function of satellite cells?

Answer 25

Physical support of neurons in PNS?

Question 26

Define rostral and caudal

Answer 26

``` Rostral= frontal Caudal= back/ tail ```

Question 27

What is the function of cerebral ventricles?

Answer 27

They form a complex series of linked chambers in brain surrounding deep brain structures?

Question 28

How many fibres are there in the corpus callosum?

Answer 28

250,000,000

Question 29

What happens if the brainstem is damaged?

Answer 29

Patient will enter coma even if forebrain is unharmed

Question 30

What 2 general structures make up the forebrain?

Answer 30

Cortex and thalamus