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Human Anatomy > Anatomy of the Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Neck Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What are in the Neck?

A
  • Muscles
  • Spinal cord
  • Vertebra
  • Common carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Esophagus
  • Thyroid gland
  • Trachea
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2
Q

What are the Fascia of the Neck?

A

Deep cervical fascia
* Prevertebral layer
* Carotid sheath
* Pretracheal layer
* Investing layer

Superficial cervical fascia

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3
Q

What are the Bones of the Neck?

A
  • Mastoid process
  • Certival vertebrae (C1-C7)
  • Clavicle
  • Manubrium
  • Trachea
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Hyoid
  • Mandible
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4
Q

What are the parts of the hyoid?

A
  • Body of hyoid
  • Lesser horn (smaller)
  • Greater horn (larger)
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5
Q

What is apart of the Cervical Vertebrae?

A
  • Bifurcated spinous process
  • Vertebral foramen - houses spinal cord
  • Body
  • Transverse foramen
  • Atlas
  • Dens
  • Axis
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6
Q

What are the Atlanto-occipital & Atlanto-axial Joints?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint
* Nod head

Atlanto-axial joint
* Shake head

(diff. bones on slide 6)

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7
Q

What is the Prevertebral Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia?

A
  • Encloses vertebrae and deep neck/back muscles

3 muscles:
- Anterior: longus colli and longus capitis

  • Lateral: ANTERIOR, MIDDLE and POSTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLES
  • Posterior: deep cervical muscles
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8
Q

What are the Scalene Muscles?

A
  • Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to 1st and 2nd ribs

Innervation:
* Anterior rami of
C4-C8

Action:
* Flexion of the neck
* Elevates ribs in forced inspiration

(anterior, middle & posterior scalene)

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9
Q

What is the Carotid Sheath of the Deep Cervical Fascia?

A
  • Vagus Nerve
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Common carotid artery
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10
Q

What are the Carotid Arteries?

A
  • External carotid artery
  • Internal carotid artery
  • Common carotid artery
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11
Q

Carotid sinus and carotid body are innervated by carotid sinus nerve (CN __)

A

IX (glossopharyngeal)
* Detect blood pressure and oxygen level

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12
Q

What is Internal Jugular Vein Puncture?

A

in carotid sheath

central line - where a lot of medication can go into & can check BP etc.

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13
Q

What is the Vagus Nerve?

A

Supplies parasympathetic innervation to most organs in the thorax and abdomen

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14
Q

What does the Vagus Nerve do IN THE NECK?

A
  • General sensory from
    pharynx and larynx
  • Somatic motor to pharynx and intrinsic laryngeal muscles
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15
Q

What is the Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia?

A

Includes:

  • Infrahyoid muscles
  • Respiratory organs
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Alimentary organs
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Endocrine organs
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid glands
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16
Q

What are the main parts of the Pharynx?

A
  • Uvula
  • Epiglottis
  • Pharyngoesphageal junction
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17
Q

What is the Larynx?

A
  • Connects the inferior pharynx to the trachea
  • C3-6 vertebral levels

Functions:
* Protects airway
* Phonation (where air voice originates from)
* Directs food and air into esophagus and trachea, respectively

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18
Q

What is the Laryngeal Cartilages (paired & unpaired)?

Study These Flashcards
A

Paired:
- Corniculate cartilage
- Arytenoid cartilage (hold onto vocal cords)
- Vocal cord

Unpaired:
- Epiglottis
- Thyrohyoid membrane
- Thyroid cartilage (means shield)
- Cricothyroid membrane (used if need to get air)
- Cricoid cartilage

19
Q

What are the Laryngeal Folds?

Study These Flashcards
A

VESTIBULAR FOLD (FALSE vocal cord)
* Does not contribute to sound production
* Protection of vocal fold

VOCAL FOLD (TRUE vocal cord)
* Contains vocal ligament and vocalis muscle
* Intrinsic laryngeal muscles change position and tension of vocal folds to produce sounds (phonation)

20
Q

What is Phonation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Abduction of vocal folds

Adduction of vocal folds

(intrinsic laryngeal: move vocal cords to make diff. sounds)

21
Q

Describe the Innervation of the Larynx

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A

Superior laryngeal nerve
* Arises from vagus nerve
* Motor to cricothyroid muscle
* Sensory from mucosa above vocal fold

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (disappeared in thorax & came back out)
* A branch of vagus nerve
* Motor to the other intrinsic muscles
* Sensory from mucosa below vocal fold

22
Q

What is the Thyroid Gland?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Largest endocrine gland
  • Posterior to infrahyoid
    muscles at C5-T1 levels
23
Q

What are the functions of the Thyroid Gland?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Regulates metabolic rate via thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
  • Regulates blood calcium via calcitonin
24
Q

What is the Thyroid Vasculature?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • External carotid a.
  • Superior thyroid a. (branch of external carotid a.)
  • Common carotid a.
  • Inferior thyroid a. (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
  • Superior thyroid v. (drains into internal jugular v.)
  • Internal Jugular v. (drain thyroid gland & others)
  • Middle thyroid v. (drains into internal jugular v.)
  • Inferior thyroid v. (drains into brachiocephalic v.)
  • Brachiocephalic v.
24
What is a goiter caused by?
iodine deficiency
25
What are the Parathyroid Glands?
- On posterior aspect of thyroid gland - Usually 4 glands - Regulate calcium and phosphate via parathyroid hormone
26
What is the Retropharyngeal Space?
- Potential space (b/c most of the time it doesn't exist) consists of loose connective tissue - Between the prevertebral layer and the pretracheal layer * Closed laterally by carotid sheath - Permits movement of structures relative to each other
27
Why is the Retropharyngeal Space called the "Danger space"?
* Major pathway for infection to spread from neck to thorax * Avascular therefore poor at healing
28
What are the Hyoid Muscles?
- Muscles attached to the hyoid bone - SUPRAHYOID muscles: superior to hyoid - INFRAHYOID muscles: inferior to hyoid
29
What are the Suprahyoid Muscles?
- Elevate hyoid bone during speech and swallowing - Innervated by V3, VII and C1 (Stylohyoid, Digastric (posterior belly), Digastric (anterior belly), Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid)
30
What are the Infrahyoid Muscles?
- Depress hyoid bone - Thyrohyoid elevates larynx - Sternothyroid depresses larynx - Innervated by ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) (Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid)
31
What is the Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia?
- Surrounds the entire neck - Invests SCM and trapezius muscles (supplied by CN XI - accessory nerve)
32
What is the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle?
- Divides each side of the neck into anterior and lateral cervical regions
33
What is the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle SUPERIOR attachment?
mastoid process of temporal bone
34
What is the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle INTERIOR attachment?
* Sternal head: manubrium of sternum * Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle
35
What is the Innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle?
* Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
36
What are the actions of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle?
- Lateral flexion with rotation - Extension at atlanto-occipital joint - Flexion of cervical vertebrae
37
What is the Superficial Cervical Fascia & what does it contain?
- Subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin Contains: * Fat * Superficial veins * Cutaneous nerves * PLATYSMA muscle (THIN & supplied by CN VII (facial nerve) therefore muscle in charge of facial expression!
38
What is the Platysma Muscle (within the Superficial Cervical Fascia)?
- Very thin muscle of facial expression - Innervated by cervical branch of CN_VII_ (FACIAL NERVE) - Action: tenses skin on the neck, depresses skin on chin
39
What are the Cervical Regions?
- Trapezius - Posterior Cervical Triangle - Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - Anterior Cervical Triangle
40
What is apart of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?
Hyoid muscles * Suprahyoid muscles -- Floor of the mouth, base for tongue, elevate hyoid and larynx * Infrahyoid muscles -- Anchor hyoid to sternum and clavicle, depress hyoid and larynx Nerves * Vagus nerve (CN X) * Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Vein * Internal jugular vein Arteries * Common carotid artery -- Internal carotid artery -- External carotid artery --- Superior thyroid a. --- Facial a.
41
What is apart of the Posterior Cervical Triangle?
Muscles * Anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes Nerves * Spinal accessory nerve(CNXI) * Phrenicnerve (C3-5): diaphragm * Roots of brachial plexus (C5-8,T1) between anterior and middle scalene Vein * External jugular vein Arteries * Subclavianartery -- Vertebral artery -- Thyrocervical trunk --- Inferior thyroid artery
42
What are the Lymphatics in the Neck?
Superficial cervical lymph nodes - travels with superficial vein Deep cervical lymph nodes - travel with deep vein

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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