Musculoskeletal I (MSK I)

Question 1

What are the types of bones?

Answer 1

• long
• short (wrists, ankles)
• irregular (all bones of vertebrate)
• sesamoid (floats in another muscle - in quad, hyoid bone)
• flat (thin –> see through; imp. when there’s a lot of weight)
• sutured

Question 2

What is the axel skeleton?

Answer 2

has 1 bone (ex: 1 skull, 1 sernum)

Question 3

What is the apendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

sticks out & is at the end of your torso (will have 2 bones)

Question 4

Both ____ and _____ mean the area of the bone where the muscle attaches

Answer 4

origin

insertion

Question 5

Origin:

Answer 5

beginning, more stable bone, doesn’t move as much
- tends to be proximal

Question 6

Insertion:

Answer 6

end, more moveable bone, bone that will create the action
- tends to be distal - so you can move

Question 7

What is unique about origins/insertions?

Answer 7

You can have a couple origins and a couple insertions for just one muscle.

Question 8

Muscle Belly:

Answer 8

All the muscle fibers, contract and creates force
- shrink to move

Question 9

Muscle Tendon:

Answer 9

Fibrous connective tissue, MUSCLE-BONE, transfers force to move the bone (origin and insertion areas)
- doesn’t shrink

Question 10

Ligament:

Answer 10

Fibrous connective tissue, BONE-BONE, holds bones together, stops too much motion
- think: tough plastic wrap

Question 11

Sprains & tears:

Answer 11

ligament
- done something to the ligament
- a lot of bruising

Question 12

Strain, tear, or pull:

Answer 12

muscle (belly or tendon)
- typ. insertion is pulled
- normally bulge is higher

Question 13

What are bones for?

Answer 13

Bones are there for support, protection and movement (muscle attachment)

Question 14

1 bone is considered a _______

Answer 14

vertebrae

Question 15

The full vertebral column has:

Answer 15

• 7 cervical vertebrae (breakfast)
• 12 thoracic vertebrae (lunch)
• 5 lumbar vertebrae (dinner)
• 5 fused sacral vertebrae
• 1 coccyx
  Total= 30 bones

Question 16

Spinous Process:

Answer 16

What you feel, muscle attachment
- tend to point down - inferiorally

Question 17

Lamina:

Answer 17

X2

Question 18

Pedicle:

Answer 18

X2
- “foot”
- directly attached to body

Question 19

Body:

Answer 19

holds body weight, IV Disc
- largest part of a bone

Question 20

Vertebral Foramen:

Answer 20

Holds spinal cord.
Lots in a row= spinal canal
- hole in vertebrae

Question 21

Transverse Process:

Answer 21

X2, sideways muscle attachment
- “side to side”

Question 22

What are the bony landmarks of a typ. vertebrae?

Answer 22

• spinous process
• lamina
• pedicle
• body
• vertebral foramen
• transverse process

Question 23

Superior articular process with facets:

Answer 23

X2, joint
- touches inferior
- means to articulate “touch something else”

Question 24

Inferior articular process with facts:

Answer 24

X2, joint
- touches superior

Question 25

Intervertebral foramen:

Answer 25

Vertebral canal with spinal cord running down Spinal nerves means "b/t 2 bones that're similar"

Question 26

IV Disc:

Answer 26

cushion

Question 27

What are the different sections of the Vertebral Column?

Answer 27

- Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar

Question 28

Describe the cervical section of the vertebral column?

Answer 28

* Neck *7 * All actions (extension, bending etc.)

Question 29

Describe the thoracic section of the vertebral column?

Answer 29

* Rib cage * 12 * Side bending and rotation

Question 30

Describe the lumbar section of the vertebral column?

Answer 30

* Low back *5 * Flexion and extension

Question 31

What are the types of curves in the Spine?

Answer 31

* Lordotic (neck curve) * Kyphotic * Lordotic * Kyphotic

Question 32

What if you have a problem with your neck?

Answer 32

you have prob. with back & etc.

Question 33

Breathing in causes _____ to decrease

Answer 33

all curves - i.e. straightens

Question 34

Cervical: How many? Actions? Body shape? SP shape? Unique? Look like?

Answer 34

7 all squished oval bifid short - bifid spine, - transverse foramen (vertebral artery) - atlas & axis - happy pig

Question 35

Thoracic How many? Actions? Body shape? SP shape? Unique? Look like?

Answer 35

12 SB (up) Rot (low) Heart Long points inferiorly areas on body & TP ribs attachment (costal facets) - only vertebrae that touches ribs giraffe

Question 36

Lumbar How many? Actions? Body shape? SP shape? Unique? Look like?

Answer 36

5 Flex & Ext Kidney Bean Short points posteriorly Largest body - b/c it's where all our weight sits Moose

Question 37

What are the Unique?

Answer 37

- Transverse foramen - Bifid Spine - Atlas C1 - Axis C2 - Costal facets - Heart shaped body - Largest body

Question 38

What is the cervical?

Answer 38

atlas & axis

Question 39

Atlas:

Answer 39

* C1 * No body * No SP (spinal process) * Holds skull atlanto-occipital joint=flexion+extention - holds head up YES - head nod action

Question 40

Axis:

Answer 40

* C2 * Dens/odontoid process * Articulates with atlas * Atlanto-axial joint=rotation - always for rotation/spin NO - shake head action

Question 41

Sacrum:

Answer 41

* 5 fused vertebrae * Connection between spine and pelvis (L5-Sacrum-Pelvis) * Vertebral foramen is now called central canal

Question 42

Coccyx:

Answer 42

* Tail bone

Question 43

What are the joints?

Answer 43

* Movement occurs at joints. * The shape of the joint will distinguish what type of movement can occur

Question 44

For vertebrae the joints are:

Answer 44

1. The facet joints (2 sup, 2 inf) 2. The intervertebral joints (1 sup, 1 inf) * Making a total of 6 joints for a typical vertebrae (thoracic vertebrae have articulations to ribs)

Question 45

Facet joints (zygoapophyseal joints):

Answer 45

2 superior, 2 inferior * Tell how each segment of the vertebrae moves * Plane synovial joints

Question 46

Intervertebral Joints:

Answer 46

* Anterior of vertebrae, bodies of vertebrae - therefore, won't be on (1 b/c on body) * Made for cushion and compression * Have intervertebral disc Annulus Fibrosis - annual - "year round" - "fibers" Nucleus polposis Squeezes 1 side so will go to the other side

Question 47

Describe the Spinal Disc Herniation

Answer 47

doing same moment over & over (ex: bending over) - compressed nerve root can get squished back with rest or may need surgery

Question 48

What muscles move the vertebrae?

Answer 48

Back muscles 3 muscles to remember: * Erector spinae group (3 sections) - Spinalis - Longissimus - Iliocostalis * Multifidi * Rotatores

Question 49

Back muscles:

Answer 49

* Insertion found somewhere on vertebrae or very close to it

Question 50

What are the 3 muscles to remember:

Answer 50

* Erector spinae group (3 sections) - moves spine up & back - Spinalis - Longissimus - Iliocostalis * Multifidi * Rotatores

Question 51

In the back where are the origins & insertion?

Answer 51

origins - lower insertion - higher

Question 52

What is the Erector Spinae Group?

Answer 52

Group 1 Spinalis (SPINE) * Most medial * Spinous process to spinous process & keeps going increase the whole spine Group 2 Longissimus (LOVE) * In between * Transvers process to transvers process - all way up Group 3 Iliocostalis (I) * Most lateral * Ilium to ribs

Question 53

What are the only 2 erector spinae group that attach to the head?

Answer 53

Group 1 Spinalis Group 2 Longissimus

Question 54

All keep posture by keeping the back erect in ______

Answer 54

extension

Question 55

What is apart of the Erector Spinae Group?

Answer 55

- Erector Spinalis (thoracic only) - Sp-sp - Erector Longissimus - Tp-tp - Erector Iliocostalis - Ilium-ribs

Question 56

What is the Multifidi? Origin, Insertion, Action

Answer 56

* consideredatransverso- spinalis muscle * Origin: transverse process * Insertion: 4 spinous process above - multiple insertions * Action: side bend same side & rotate opp. side

Question 57

What is the Rotatores? Origin, Insertion, Action

Answer 57

* considered a transverso- spinalis muscle * Origin: transverse process * Insertion: 2 spinous process above * Action: side bend and rotate * Kind of like a miniature multifidi