Anatomy Of The Neck

Question 1

What are the borders of the neck

Answer 1

Above by lower body of the mandible
Below by upper border of the clavicle
Medially by midline of neck
Posteriorly by anterior border of the trapezius muscle

Question 2

What vertebrae does the hyoid bone start

Answer 2

C3

Question 3

What vertebrae does the superior border of the thyroid cartilage start

Answer 3

C4

Question 4

What vertebrae does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery start

Answer 4

C3

Question 5

What vertebrae does the larynx start

Answer 5

C4-C6

Question 6

What vertebrae does the thyroid gland (isthmus) start

Answer 6

C6

Question 7

What is the fascia

Answer 7

An internal connective tissue which forms bands or sheets that surround and support muscles, vessels and nerves in the body

Question 8

What are the 2 main fascia’s in the neck

Answer 8

The superficial cervical fascia
The deep cervical fascia

Question 9

What are the 4 compartments of the neck

Answer 9

Vertebral compartment
Visceral compartment
Vascular compartment x2

Question 10

What is the vertebral compartment

Answer 10

Contains the cervical vertebrae with cartilaginous discs between each vertebral body

Question 11

What is the visceral compartment

Answer 11

Accommodates the trachea, larynx, pharynx, thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 12

What is the vascular compartment

Answer 12

Is paired and consists of the two carotid sheaths found on each side of the trachea
Each carotid sheath contains the vagus nerve, common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

Question 13

What are the 9 pieces the larynx consists of

Answer 13

Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid
2 corniculate
2 cuneiform

Question 14

What 2 hormones does the thyroid gland secrete into the blood

Answer 14

Thyroxine T4
Triiodothyronine T3

Question 15

What is the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 15

In front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 16

What is the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 16

Behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 17

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 17

The clavicle and sternum

Question 18

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 18

Mastoid process and the occipital bone

Question 19

What are the 4 anterior triangles of the neck

Answer 19

Submental triangle
Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle

Question 20

What are the 2 posterior triangles of the neck

Answer 20

Supraclavicular triangle
Occipital triangle

Question 21

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 21

Superiorly - inferior border of mandible
Laterally - anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Medially - sagittal line down the midline of the neck

Question 22

What fascia cover the roof and floor of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 22

Investing fascia covers the roof
Visceral fascia covers the floor

Question 23

Which cranial nerves are in the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 23

Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 24

What are the borders of the carotid triangle

Answer 24

Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lateral - medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Question 25

What are the main contents of the carotid triangle

Answer 25

Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Hypoglossal nerve Vagus nerve

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle

Answer 26

Inferiorly - hyoid bone Medially - midline of the neck Laterally - anterior belly of digastric

Question 27

What does the submental triangle contain

Answer 27

Submental lymph nodes which filter lymph draining from floor of mouth and parts of the tongue Is formed by mylohyoid muscle which runs from the mandible to hyoid bone

Question 28

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle

Answer 28

Superiorly - body of mandible Anteriorly - anterior belly of digastric muscle Posteriorly - posterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 29

What is the contents of the submandibular triangle

Answer 29

Submandibular gland and lymph nodes Facial artery and vein also pass through

Question 30

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle

Answer 30

Superiorly - hyoid bone Medially - imaginary midline of the neck Supero laterally - superior belly of omohyoid muscle Infero laterally - inferior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 31

What is the constituents of the muscular triangle

Answer 31

Infrahyoid muscles Pharynx Thyroid Parathyroid glands

Question 32

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 32

Anterior - posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid Posterior - anterior border of the trapezius muscle Inferior - middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 33

What is the posterior triangle of the neck fascia

Answer 33

Covered by investing layer of fascia Floor is formed by prevertebral fascia

Question 34

Which triangle of the neck is the omohyoid muscle located

Answer 34

Posterior triangle

Question 35

What are the 4 main muscles in the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 35

Omohyoid Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Anterior , middle and posterior scalenes

Question 36

How does the omohyoid muscle present/travel

Answer 36

Spilt into two bellies by a tendon Inferior belly crosses the posterior triangle travelling and splitting the triangle into two It then crosses underneath the SCM to enter the anterior triangle of the neck

Question 37

How does the external jugular vein travel

Answer 37

Formed by the retromandibular and posterior Auricular veins it lies superficially entering the posterior triangle after crossing the sternocleidomastoid muscle Within the posterior triangle it pierces the investing layer of fascia and empties into the subclavian vein

Question 38

What are the contents of the occipital triangle

Answer 38

Inferior belly of omohyoid Trapezius muscle Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 39

What are the 3 contents of the subclavian triangle (omoclavicular or supraclavicular)

Answer 39

Inferior belly of omohyoid Clavicle Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 40

What are the 5 key components of the occipital triangle

Answer 40

Spinal part of the accessory nerve Nerve to rhomboidus Four cutaneous branches of cervical plexus Upper trunk of brachial plexus Occipital artery

Question 41

What are the 6 key components of the subclavian triangle

Answer 41

Third part of subclavian artery External jugular vein Trunks of brachial plexus Superficial cervical artery Suprascapular artery Supraclavicular lymph node

Question 42

What are the 3 main nerves in the posterior triangle

Answer 42

Branches of cervical plexus Spinal part of accessory nerve Brachial plexus

Question 43

What is the route of the accessory nerve

Answer 43

Exits cranial cavity - down neck - innervates sternocleidomastoid and enters posterior triangle Crosses posterior triangle within the investing layer of fascia Lies superficial leaving it vulnerable to injury

Question 44

What innervates the diaphragm

Answer 44

The cervical plexus forms within the muscles of the flood of the posterior triangle Major branch phrenic nerve arises from the anterior divisions of spinal nerves C3-C5 descends down the neck within the prevertebral fascia to innervate diaphragm

Question 45

What do other branches of the cervical plexus innervate

Answer 45

The vertebral muscles and provide cutaneous innervation to parts of the neck and scalp

Question 46

Where do the trunks of the brachial plexus lie

Answer 46

Across the floor of the posterior triangle