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MCQ 1.2 > Control Of Mastication > Flashcards

Control Of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What synaptic is the stretch reflex

A

Monosynaptic

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2
Q

What is the pathway of the stretch reflex knee jerk reflex

A

Activation of Sensory afferent neuron from spindle in the muscle - dorsal horn or spinal cord - ventral horn where they synapse to efferent nerves to the muscle and excite those muscle fibre relaxing the muscle
Inhibitory leads to contracting muscle

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3
Q

What does monosynaptic mean

A

One synapse involved in knee jerk and excitatory one

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4
Q

What synaptic is the withdrawal reflex

A

Disynaptic (2 synapses)

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5
Q

What is the pathway of the withdrawal reflex (pain hot)

A

Impulse sent down afferent sensory neuron - dorsal horn of spinal cord - synapse onto an excitatory interneuron - in ventral horn and affects efferent or motor neurons to the flexor muscle

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6
Q

What is different with the crossed extensor reflex

A

There is a secondary input on the same line which crosses the middle and goes to the opposing limb

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7
Q

What is the Golgi tendon reflex

A

Activation of the Golgi tendon releases excitation of an inhibitory inter neuron which reduces the force of contraction in the muscle

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8
Q

What is the Golgi tendon reflex also referred to as

A

Inverse myototactic reflex

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9
Q

What are muscle spindles

A

Consists of specialised muscle fibres

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10
Q

What are interfusal fibres

A

Muscles fibres of muscle spindle

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11
Q

What are extrafusal fibres

A

Muscles fibres not in correlation to the spindles

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12
Q

What happens to the spindles when the muscle is stretched

A

Activates the anulospiral endings resulting in an increase in the firing rate

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13
Q

In relation to muscle rate of firing which is higher to lower

A

Stretched
Relaxed
Contracted - nearly zero

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14
Q

What is the primary ending

A

Annulospiral endings

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15
Q

What do secondary endings respond to

A

Purely the length of the muscle and have no affect on the rate

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16
Q

What are Ruffini endings

A

Pressure slowly adapting

17
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles

A

Vibration rapidly adapting

18
Q

Which muscles help with depression (opening mouth)

A

Digastric, geniohyoid, lateral pterygoid and mylohyoid assisted by gravity

19
Q

Which muscles help with elevation (closing the mouth)

A

Temporalis, massater and medial pterygoid

20
Q

Which muscles help with protraction (protrusion)

A

Lateral pterygoid and some assistance by medial pterygoid

21
Q

Which muscles help with retraction (retrusion)

A

Geniohyoid, digastric and posterior and deep fibres of Temporalis and masseter

22
Q

What are 2 examples for free nerve endings

A

Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors

23
Q

What receptors does the PDL have

A

Mechanoreceptors

24
Q

What nerve endings does the oral mucosa have

A

Innervated with free nerve endings for mechanical, thermal and nociceptive inputs

25
Q

What are the TMJ capsule receptors

A

Innervated by free nerve endings, Ruffini endings (slowly adapting to pressure) and pacinian corpuscles (vibration - rapidly adapting to pressure)

26
Q

Where does the afferent and efferent nerves of the jaw travel through

A

Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus not the spinal cord like other muscles

27
Q

What is the chewing cycle

A

Initiated by bolus presence opening of the jaw
Activation of stretch reflex closing of the jaw
Presence of food between teeth results in loading
Collapse of the food or teeth coming into contact results in unloading and inhibition of the jaw opening muscles

28
Q

What influences the rhythmic control of chewing

A

Brain stem
Reticular formation, amygdala (basal ganglia), lateral hypothalamus, cerebellum, pre and post central gyrus of the motor cortex

29
Q

What is the freeway space

A

The difference between the OVD and RVD when mouth is closed as teeth do not touch when closed

30
Q

What is the freeway space determined by

A

Muscle tone
Elasticity of surrounding structures
Posture
Exercise
Anxiety
Stress

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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