Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the lungs and interior of the thorax covered by?

Answer 1

Pleural membranes

Question 2

Between the pleural membranes what is present?

Answer 2

Intrapleural fluid

Question 3

What pleura is the lung surface covered by?

Answer 3

Visceral pleura

Question 4

What pleura is the rib covered by?

Answer 4

Parietal pleura

Question 5

What muscles are used for inspiration?

Answer 5

Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles
Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoids

Question 6

What muscles are used if needs be for expiration?

Answer 6

Internal intercostals

Abdominals

Question 7

What happens to the diaphragm on inspiration?

Answer 7

It descends 
(moves down)

Question 8

Based on boyles law what does an increase in volume do to pressure?

Answer 8

Decreases pressure

Question 9

Based on boyles law what does a decrease in volume do to pressure?

Answer 9

Increases pressure

Question 10

Is expiration passive?

Answer 10

Yes

At rest

Question 11

What is the major determinant of airway resistance?

Answer 11

Radii of the airways

Question 12

What is the respiratory tract lined with?

Answer 12

Epithelium 
Glands 
Lymph nodes
Blood vessels 
Cilia 
Mucous

Question 13

Is there any cartilage surrounding the alveoli?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

How is the ‘patency’ of the airways maintained?

Answer 14

By C rings of cartilage

Question 15

Decreasing the diameter of airway does what to resistance?

Answer 15

Increases resistance

Question 16

Increasing the diameter of airways does what to the resistance?

Answer 16

Decreases resistance

Question 17

Where is the point of gas exchange?

Answer 17

At the alveoli

Question 18

What features of the alveoli increase their efficiency of gas exchange?

Answer 18

Thin walls
Large surface area
Close to capillary beds (decreasing the distance for gas exchange)

Question 19

What is normal breathing rate at rest?

Answer 19

10-20 breaths/min

Question 20

What is breathing rate at maximum exercise in adults?

Answer 20

40-45 breaths/min

Question 21

Why is the volume of gas exchange at the alveoli equal to the volume of gas exchange at the tissues?

Answer 21

To prevent the build up of gas in the circulation