Overview of The Function of The Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What does the blood flow sytsem of the CVS carry?

Answer 1

Question 2

If the pumps are in series (right and left ventricle) what does this imply?

Answer 2

Output must be equal

Question 3

Why are most vascular beds in parallel?

Answer 3

Ensures all tissues get blood,

Allows regional redirection of blood - can send different proportions of blood to match the specific requirements to each different part of the body.

Question 4

Give an example of when there are local regions of vessels being in series

Answer 4

Blood flow system between the liver and gut

Hypothalamus releasing hormones which travel directly to the anteroir pituatory

Question 5

Why does the skin receive more oxygen than it uses?

Answer 5

Thermoregulation

Question 6

Which organs receive less of the percentage cardiac output than percentage oxygen consumption?

Answer 6

Question 7

How do you calculate flow?

Answer 7

Question 8

How is difference in pressure calculated?

Answer 8

Question 9

How is the resistance calculated?

Answer 9

Question 10

Which vessels can affect resistance and influence blood distribution?

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

How does the size of blood vessels change?

Answer 11

Arteries - arterioles - capillaries

Question 12

How does the size of the veins change?

Answer 12

Capillaries - venules - veins

Question 13

What are elastic arteries?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are muscular arteries?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are resistance vessels?

Answer 15

Question 16

What are exchange vessels?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are capacitance vessels?

Answer 17

Question 18

Are valves active or passive?

Answer 18

Passive

Question 19

What separates the ventricles?

Answer 19

Interventricular septum

Question 20

What vein enters the right atrium?

Answer 20

Vena cava

Question 21

What is the mitral valve?

Answer 21

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, which has two tapered cusps.

Question 22

Define the tricuspid valve?

Answer 22

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps—called also right atrioventricular valve.

Question 23

Define chordae tendinae

Answer 23

The chordae tendinae are tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.

Question 24

Define papillary muscle

Answer 24

The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).