Anatomy Overview 2

Question 1

at what week does the gut begin to develop ?

Answer 1

3/4

Question 2

what are the foregut structures ?

Answer 2

primordial pharynx

lower respiratory system

oesophagus and stomach

duodenum

liver, biliary aparatus

pancreas

gallbladder

Question 3

what are the three constrictions of the oesophagus ?

Answer 3

cervical (pharyngo-esophageal) - 15cm from incisor teeth

thoracic (broncho-aortic)- crossed by arch of aorta and left main bronchus

diaphragmatic - where it passes through the oesophageal hiatus

Question 4

what creates the stomach bed ?

Answer 4

diaphragm
spleen
kidney
adrenal glands
splenic artery
pancreas
transverse colon
mesocolon

Question 5

what does the pyloric sphincter do ?

Answer 5

controls the discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

Question 6

how much bile can the gallbladder store ?

Answer 6

up to 50ml

Question 7

what kind of gland is the pancreas ?

Answer 7

exocrine/endocrine

lies along the transpyloric plane L1/2

Question 8

what does the celiac artery branch into ?

Answer 8

left gastric artery

hepatic artery

splenic artery

Question 9

what structures are part of the midgut ?

Answer 9

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right 2/3rds of the transverse colon

Question 10

what part of the pancreas received the bile and pancreatic duct ?

Answer 10

second part

Question 11

what are the features of the jejunum ?

Answer 11

thick and heavy wall

deep red

long vasa recta

few arcades (longer loops)

Question 12

what are the features of the ileum ?

Answer 12

pale pink

think and light

short vasa recta

many short looped arcades

fatty mesentery

Question 13

what are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery ?

Answer 13

jejunal and ileum

Question 14

at what level does the superior mesenteric artery branch ?

Answer 14

L1

Question 15

how can you tell the large intestine features ?

Answer 15

omental appendices - small fatty like projections

sacculations - segments

teniae coli- thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)

Question 16

what point of the appendix is most sensitive in acute appendicitis ?

Answer 16

macburneys point

Question 17

where does the inferior mesenteric artery branch and what are its branches ?

Answer 17

L3

sigmoid arteries
left colic
superior rectal (terminal branch)

Question 18

what two veins make up the portal vein ?

Answer 18

splenic and superior mesenteric veins

Question 19

what does the portal vein drain ?

Answer 19

spleen, pancreas, gall bladder and abdominal part of the GI

Question 20

where is the portal vein located ?

Answer 20

behind the neck of the pancreas at L2

Question 21

what are the anastomoses of the portal system ?

Answer 21

anorectal junction (haemorrhoids)

gastroesophageal junction (oesophageal varices)

umbilicus (caput medusae)

Question 22

what are the three terminal groups of lymph nodes ?

Answer 22

pre-aortic (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes)

lateral aortic

retro aortic