Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hesi A2 > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Covers and protects body surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Supports and connects body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Transmits electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many bones are in the adult human body?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The limbs and their attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Dense, hard bone tissue that forms the outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

Less dense bone tissue with spaces filled with bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

Tissue that produces blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

Tissue that stores fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where two or more bones meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many muscles are in the human body?

A

Over 600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary muscle attached to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary muscle found only in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary muscle found in organs and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the main parts of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A nerve cell that transmits electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body, dendrites, and axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the function of dendrites?
Receive signals from other neurons
26
What is the function of the axon?
Carries signals away from the cell body
27
What is a synapse?
The gap between neurons where signals are transmitted
28
What is a neurotransmitter?
Chemical messenger that transmits signals across synapses
29
What are the main parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
30
What is the function of the cerebrum?
Controls conscious thought, memory, and voluntary movement
31
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Controls balance and coordination
32
What is the function of the brainstem?
Controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate
33
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
34
What is the function of the atria?
Receive blood returning to the heart
35
What is the function of the ventricles?
Pump blood out of the heart
36
What is systole?
Contraction phase of the heart
37
What is diastole?
Relaxation phase of the heart
38
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against artery walls
39
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
40
What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart
41
What is the function of veins?
Carry blood back to the heart
42
What is the function of capillaries?
Allow exchange of materials between blood and tissues
43
What are the components of blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
44
What is the function of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
45
What is the function of white blood cells?
Fight infection and disease
46
What is the function of platelets?
Help blood clot
47
What is plasma?
The liquid portion of blood
48
What is hemoglobin?
Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
49
What are the main organs of the respiratory system?
Nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
50
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
51
What is inspiration?
Breathing in (inhalation)
52
What is expiration?
Breathing out (exhalation)
53
What is the diaphragm?
The main muscle of breathing
54
What are alveoli?
Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
55
What is the function of the digestive system?
Break down food and absorb nutrients
56
What are the main organs of the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
57
What is peristalsis?
Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
58
What is the function of the stomach?
Stores and begins digestion of food
59
What is the function of the small intestine?
Main site of digestion and absorption
60
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorbs water and forms feces
61
What are enzymes in digestion?
Proteins that break down food molecules
62
What is bile?
Substance that helps digest fats
63
Where is bile produced?
In the liver
64
Where is bile stored?
In the gallbladder
65
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
Produces digestive enzymes and hormones
66
What are the main organs of the excretory system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
67
What is the function of the kidneys?
Filter waste from blood and produce urine
68
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron
69
What is urine?
Liquid waste containing water and dissolved wastes
70
What is the function of the bladder?
Stores urine
71
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that regulate body functions
72
What is the endocrine system?
System of glands that produce hormones
73
What is the function of insulin?
Regulates blood sugar levels
74
Where is insulin produced?
In the pancreas
75
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Regulates metabolism
76
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
Produce stress hormones
77
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining stable internal conditions
78
What is negative feedback?
Process that reverses changes to maintain homeostasis
79
What is body temperature regulation?
Maintaining core body temperature around 98.6°F (37°C)
80
What is the integumentary system?
The skin and its associated structures
81
What are the functions of skin?
Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D production
82
What are the layers of skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
83
What is the epidermis?
The outermost layer of skin
84
What is the dermis?
The middle layer of skin containing blood vessels and nerves
85
What is the hypodermis?
The deepest layer of skin containing fat tissue
86
What is melanin?
Pigment that gives skin its color and protects from UV radiation
87
What are the male reproductive organs?
Testes, penis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland
88
What are the female reproductive organs?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
89
What is fertilization?
The joining of sperm and egg
90
What is the menstrual cycle?
Monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system
91
What is ovulation?
Release of an egg from the ovary
92
What is pregnancy?
Development of a fetus in the uterus
93
What is the immune system?
The body's defense against disease
94
What are antigens?
Foreign substances that trigger immune responses
95
What are antibodies?
Proteins that recognize and neutralize antigens
96
What is inflammation?
The body's response to injury or infection
97
What is fever?
Elevated body temperature to fight infection
98
What are lymphocytes?
White blood cells that provide specific immunity
99
What is active immunity?
Immunity developed by exposure to antigens
100
What is passive immunity?
Immunity received from another source (antibodies)

Hesi A2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions