Chemistry Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Where are protons located?
In the nucleus
Where are neutrons located?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons located?
In electron shells around the nucleus
What is the charge of a proton?
Positive (+1)
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral (0)
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative (-1)
What is atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
What is mass number?
The sum of protons and neutrons
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What is an ion?
An atom with a charge due to gaining or losing electrons
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is the periodic table?
An arrangement of elements by atomic number
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row
What is a group in the periodic table?
A vertical column
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell
What is a chemical bond?
A force that holds atoms together
What is an ionic bond?
Bond formed by transfer of electrons
What is a covalent bond?
Bond formed by sharing electrons
What is a metallic bond?
Bond between metal atoms involving delocalized electrons
What is electronegativity?
An atom’s ability to attract electrons in a bond
What is polarity?
Unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond
