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T1 Anatomy > Anatomy Quiz #4 > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz #4 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

movement of the forefoot away from the midline of the body (transverse plane, vertical axis)

A

abduction (of the forefoot)

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2
Q

movement of the forefoot towards the midline of the body (transverse plane, vertical axis)

A

adduction (of the forefoot):

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3
Q

a combination movement of dorsiflexion, eversion, forefoot abduction

A

pronation

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4
Q

a combination movement of plantar flexion, inversion, forefoot adduction

A

supination

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5
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

Synovial and plane

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6
Q

What two actions happen at the tibiofibular joint?

A

limited superior and posterior glide (with dorsiflexion)

limited inferior and anterior glide (with plantar flexion)

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7
Q

Name the attachments of the Anterior ligament of the fibular head

A

anterior proximal tibia ⬄ anterior proximal fibula

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8
Q

Name the attachments of the posterior ligament of the fibular head

A

posterior proximal tibia ⬄ posterior proximal fibula

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9
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous

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10
Q

What type of joint is that talocrural joint?

A

synovial, hinge joint

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11
Q

What actions happen at the talocrural joint?

A

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

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12
Q

What happens at the talocrural joint during dorsiflexion with regards to the tibiofibular joint?

A

the talus forces the tibia and fibula apart which affects the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints

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13
Q

Which three bones form the talocrural joint?

A

the distal ends of the tibia and fibula articulate with the trochlea (dome) of the talus

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14
Q

Which four ligaments make up the deltoid ligament?

A

anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar

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15
Q

What are the attachment points of the deltoid ligament?

A

medial malleolus ⬄ tarsal bones of the medial foot

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16
Q

What motion do the deltoid ligaments check?

A

eversion of the ankle

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17
Q

What type of fracture is associated with the deltoid ligaments

A

Avulsion fracture

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18
Q

What motions are checked by the Anterior talofibular ligament?

A

inversion (esp. when ankle is plantar flexed)

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19
Q

most commonly injured ligament in the foot (95% of ankle sprains)

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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20
Q

How is the Anterior talofibular ligament palpated?

A

The sinus tarsi

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21
Q

What motions are checked by the calcaneofibular ligament?

A

Inversion (when foot is neutral)

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22
Q

Where is the Subcutaneous calcaneal (a.k.a. retrocalcaneal) bursa?

A

between the Achilles tendon and the overlying skin

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23
Q

Where is the Subtendinous calcaneal (a.k.a. retrocalcaneal) bursa?

A

Between the Achilles tendon and the calcaneus

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24
Q

Which bones form the subtalar joint?

A

The inferior aspect of the talus articulates with the superior calcaneus

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25
Which motions are available at the subtalar joint?
Inversion and eversion
26
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
Synovial, plane
27
What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Synovial, ball and socket
28
Which motions are available at the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Inversion and eversion (helps increase the range)
29
What does the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (aka spring ligament) do?
helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch by supporting the head of the talus. If this ligament is stretched, the head of the talus can sink resulting in a flat foot (pes planus)
30
What kind of joint is the calcaneaocuboid joint?
Synovial, plane
31
What two jobs does the long plantar ligament have?
Helps maintain arches of the foot. | Helps to form a tunnel for the tendon of peroneus longus
32
What motions are available at the transverse tarsal joint?
inversion eversion * also helps increase the inversion/eversion range by allowing abduction and adduction of the forefoot
33
What types of joints are the intertarsal, tarsometatarsal & intermetatarsal joints? Which one has the least movement?
Synovial, plane. | Little movement is available at the 2nd tarsometatarsal joint
34
Why is little movement available within the intertarsal, tarsometatarsal & intermetatarsal joints?
limited due to the tight binding by the ligaments | the bases of the 2nd through 5th metatarsals are firmly bound by ligaments
35
What types of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joints?
Synovial, condyloid
36
What motions are available at the metatarsophalangeal joints?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
37
The metatarsophalangeal joints are supported by ___________
Collateral ligaments
38
The plantar surface of the metatarsophalangeal joint capsules are thickened to form ______________
Plantar plates
39
the head of one phalanx articulates with the base of the phalanx distal to it in this type of joint
The interphalangeal joints (PIPs and DIPs)
40
Available movements at the interphalangeal joints.
flexion, extension
41
The bones of the foot form arches which act as ____________
shock absorbers
42
Which four things maintain the arches in our feet:
Bones Ligaments Fascia (25% of the static, weight-bearing foot) Muscles (don't actually do much
43
T/F the medial longitudinal arch doesn't normally come in contact with the ground.
True
44
T/F the medial longitudinal arch is more involved in weight bearing than propulsion
False, other way around
45
T/F the lateral longitudinal arch is more involved in weight bearing than propulsion
True
46
the thick, central fascia (connective tissue) on the sole of the foot
Plantar fascia
47
T/F plantar fascia is actually continuous with the fascia of the calf
True
48
As plantar fascia tightens, it pulls the calcaneus anteriorly and elevates the arches putting the foot into a position of supination. This is called the ___________
Windlass mechanism
49
What are the origin and insertion of the popliteus?
superior/proximal attachment: lateral condyle of the femur inferior/distal attachment: posterior proximal surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line
50
What two actions are available at the popliteus?
flexion of the knee (very weak) | medial rotation of the knee (key)
51
When the knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally (due to the medial condyle being longer) which locks the knee into a more stable position – this is the ____________
Screw home mechanism
52
What prevents of the EDL, EHL, and Tib Ant tendons from bowing as the muscles contract
the superior extensor and inferior extensor retinacula
53
Where there is the possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula, there is a _____________
Tendon sheath
54
Which muscle passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament?
Extensor Digitorum Longus
55
Which muscle forms a stirrup with EDL at the base of the 1st MT
Tibialis anterior
56
Which is a weak muscle but if it ruptures (often with injury to the Achilles), there can be significant pain?
Plantaris
57
Which muscle performs PIP/DIP, MTP flexion of 2nd – 5th digits, and plantar flexion
Flexor digitorum longus
58
What forms a tunnel known as the tarsal tunnel?
The flexor retinaculum
59
What are some causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Prolonged eversion/pronation, chronic tendonitis, direct trauma
60
There is only 1 intrinsic foot muscle in the dorsum of the foot:
Extensor digitorum brevis
61
T/F extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis are essentially the same muscle
True
62
The medial 5th toe is extended by this muscle only
Extensor digitorum brevis
63
The first layer of foot muscles (most superficial) all attach to
the medial process of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
64
Which muscle does abduction of the first toe?
Abductor hallucis
65
Which muscle does flexion of the 2-5th toes
Flexor digitorum brevis
66
Which muscle does abduction of the 5th toe?
Abductor digiti minimi
67
The second layer of muscles on the plantar foot also contains the tendons for:
Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
68
Which foot muscle the pull of the FDL tendons in toe flexion along the long axis of the digits to help to keep the vector more linear?
Quadratus plantae
69
Which foot muscle does flexion of the MTP joints and extension the PIPs/DIPs?
Lumbricals (Latin: lumbricus: earthworm)
70
there are 2 sesamoid bones – one adhered to each of the 2 tendons – they protect the tendons from _______________
pressure during standing and walking
71
Which muscle in the third layer of the foot does flexion of the 1st MTP joint?
Flexor hallucis brevis
72
Which muscle in the third layer of the foot adducts the 1st toe also helps maintain transverse arch?
Adductor hallucis
73
Which muscle in the third layer of the foot does flexion of the 5th MTP joint?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
74
when discussing abduction and adduction of the toes, the ‘midline’ (reference point) is through the _________
2nd toe
75
Which muscle in the fourth layer of the foot does abduction of 2nd – 4th MTP joints (DAB) (moving the digits away from the 2nd toe)?
Dorsal interossei
76
Which muscle in the fourth layer of the foot does adduction of the 2nd – 4th MTP joints (PAD) (moving the digits towards the 2nd toe)?
Plantar interossei

T1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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