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T1 Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

a.k.a. the pectoral girdle, the thoracic girdle

A

The shoulder joint

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2
Q

____ skeleton: the skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

A

axial

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3
Q

___________ skeleton: shoulders, upper limbs, hips, lower limbs

A

appendicular

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4
Q

first bone in the body to ossify

A

clavicle

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5
Q

T/F: the clavicle is lateral convex anteriorly, medial concave anteriorly

A

False: lateral concave anteriorly, medial convex anteriorly

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6
Q

the most common location for fracture in the clavicle

A

the flattened lateral 1/3rd

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7
Q

which bone connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

A

the clavicle

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8
Q

The scapula sits flat against rib cage from (approximately) the ___ – ___ ribs (when standing in anatomical position with proper posture)

A

2nd-7th ribs

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9
Q

where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula

A

glenoid fossa aka glenoid cavity

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10
Q

Which joint is a functional joint rather than a true anatomical one?

A

The Scapulothoracic joint (ST joint)

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11
Q

Which 6 movements are available at the ST joint?

A

elevation: a gliding motion with the scapula moving superiorly
depression: a gliding motion with the scapula moving inferiorly
retraction/adduction: a gliding motion with the scapula moving towards the spine
protraction/abduction: a gliding motion with the scapula moving away from the spine
upward/lateral rotation: the glenoid fossa moves superiorly (the inferior angle moves laterally) (anterior-posterior axis, frontal plane)
downward/medial rotation: the glenoid fossa moves inferiorly (the inferior angle moves medially)

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12
Q

The sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium in this joint

A

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

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13
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial, plane

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14
Q

Which 5 motions are available at the SC joint?

A

superior/inferior glide
anterior/posterior glide
rotation (M-L axis)
scapular depression: sternal end of the clavicle moves superiorly
scapular elevation: sternal end of the clavicle moves inferiorly

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15
Q

Where is the costoclavicular ligament?

A

inferior clavicle ⬄ 1st rib

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16
Q

The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula in this joint. Give its name and type.

A 
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint
-plane, synovial
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17
Q

What motions are available at the AC joint?

A

anterior/posterior glide

some mild rotation

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18
Q

Name the arch formed by the coracoid process, the coracoacromial ligament and the acromion

A

The coracoacromial arch

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19
Q

Name the common fracture site of the humerus

A

Surgical neck

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20
Q

a.k.a. intertubercular groove, intertubercular sulcus

A

Bicipital groove

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21
Q

Name the joint where the glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus, and name its joint type.

A

Glenohumeral (GH) joint.

Synovial, ball and socket

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22
Q

fibrocartilagenous ring that attaches to the glenoid fossa

it deepens the joint

A

glenoid labrum

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23
Q

The GH joint is weakest inferiorly at the ___________

A

axillary recess

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24
Q

There is a weak spot in the GH joint capsule anteriorly called the ____________ (in Netter, it’s the opening indicated as the ‘communication of subtendinous bursa of subscapularis’)

A

foramen of Weitbrecht

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25
Ligament that attaches the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus
Coracohumeral ligament
26
Bursa between the acromion and the GH joint capsule
Subacromial bursa
27
Bursa between the deltoid muscle and the joint capsule. Often connected with the subacromial bursa
Subdeltoid bursa
28
the scapula sits at an angle of approximately ____ relative to the frontal and sagittal planes
45 degrees
29
movement of the arm in the 45 degree plane is termed________
scaption
30
Many functional activities occur in this plane because there is less tension on the joint capsule and greater elevation is possible than with pure frontal or sagittal plane elevation.
Scaption
31
T/F either internal or external rotation of the humerus is needed to prevent impingement when moving in scaption.
False: neither internal nor external rotation of the humerus is needed to prevent impingement.
32
___________ of the arm involves movement at the glenohumeral (GH) joint, the scapulothoracic (ST) articulation, the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint.
Abduction
33
During abduction of the arm at 0 - 15 degrees, how much does the scapula move relative to the GH joint?
The scapula doesn't move at all
34
During abduction of the arm at 15 - 120 degrees, what is the ratio of movement between the Glenohumeral joint and the Scapulothoracic joint?
2:1 ratio (GH:ST)
35
During abduction of the arm at 120 - 180 degrees, what is the ratio of movement between the Glenohumeral joint and the Scapulothoracic joint?
1:1 ration (GH:ST)
36
during abduction of the humerus, the humerus must undergo ________________ (this usually happens around 90 degrees of abduction)
external rotation
37
Why must the humerus externally rotate to fully abduct?
It helps the greater tubercle clear the coracoacromial arch (preventing impingement)
38
the cervical spine has 1) vertebrae the thoracic spine has 2) vertebrae the lumbar spine has 3) vertebrae
1) 7 2) 12 3) 5
39
the sacrum is considered 1 bone (made of _ fused vertebrae)
5
40
the coccyx is considered 1 bone (made of (usually) _ fused vertebrae)
4
41
the posterior prominences of the spine are called 1) | the lateral prominences of the spine are called 2)
1) spinous processes | 2) transverse processes
42
Name the available movements at the spine
flexion extension rotation (left, right) lateral flexion or side bending (left, right)
43
The thoracolumbar fascia is extensive fascia in the low back that covers from the 1) to the 2)
1) 12th thoracic rib | 2) iliac crest
44
Name the superior and inferior attachments of upper trapezius
superior attachment: middle 1/3rd of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance (inion) to the C7 SP via the nuchal ligament inferior attachment: lateral clavicle, acromion, superior lip of the spine of the scapula
45
What movements do the upper traps perform?
head/neck fixed: action: S-T elevation action: S-T upward rotation scapula fixed: action: head/neck extension (bilaterally contracting) action: head/neck ipsilateral lateral flexion action: head/neck contralateral rotation
46
Name the attachments and movement of the middle traps
medial attachment: C7-T5 SPs inferior attachment: superior lip of the spine of the scapula action: S-T retraction
47
Name the attachments and movement of the lower traps
medial attachment: T6-T12 SPs inferior attachment: root of the spine of the scapula action: S-T depression (when acting with pectoralis minor) action: S-T upward rotation
48
Which muscle is Latin for "widest of the back"?
Latissimus Dorsi
49
Name the attachments of latissimus dorsi
Medial attachment: SP T6 – iliac crest, lumbar and sacral vertebrae via the thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of the scapula (this is an inconsistent attachment) lateral attachment: floor of the bicipital groove
50
Name the actions of latissimus dorsi
action: G-H internal rotation action: G-H extension action: G-H adduction "handcuff movements"
51
Name the attachments of the rhomboids
medial attachment: SP C7-T5 | lateral attachment: root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle of the scapula
52
Name the movements of the rhomboids
action: S-T retraction action: S-T downward rotation action: S-T elevation action: help serratus anterior hold the scapula against the ribs used when forcibly lowering raised upper limbs (i.e. chopping wood)
53
Name the origin and insertion of levator scapula
superior attachment: TVP’s of C1 - C4 | inferior attachment: superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula
54
Name the actions of levator scapula
head/neck fixed: action: S-T elevation action: S-T downward rotation scapula fixed: action: head/neck extension (when bilaterally contracting) action: head/neck ipsilateral lateral flexion action: head/neck ipsilateral rotation
55
T/F: levator scapula twists from one attachment to the other - this can make it easier to palpate.
True
56
Name the attachments of pectoralis major
``` 2 divisions: upper fibres (clavicular head) and lower fibres (sternocostal head) medial attachment (upper fibres): medial ½ of the anterior clavicle medial attachment (lower fibres): sternum, anterior costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 lateral attachment (both heads): lateral lip of the bicipital groove ```
57
Name the actions of pectoralis major
action: G-H medial rotation action: G-H adduction action: G-H flexion (from deep extension) action: G-H extension (from deep flexion) action: G-H horizontal adduction
58
Name the attachments of pectoralis minor
superior attachment: coracoid process | inferior attachment: ribs 3-5
59
Name the actions of pectoralis minor
action: S-T depression (when acting with lower trapezius) action: S-T downward rotation action: if the scapula is fixed, pectoralis minor helps to elevate the ribs with forced inhalation
60
With a tipping scapula, the inferior angle of the scapula moves posteriorly off of the rib cage. This is likely due to a short _____________
pectoralis minor
61
Name the attachments of subclavius
medial attachment: 1st rib and its costal cartilage | lateral attachment: middle 1/3rd of the inferior surface of the clavicle
62
Name the actions of subclavius
action: anchors, depresses and draws the clavicle medially | serves as a cushion between a fractured clavicle and subclavian structures
63
Name the attachments of serratus anterior
medial attachment: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula lateral attachment: lateral surfaces of the upper 8 ribs
64
Name the actions of serratus anterior
action: S-T protraction action: S-T upward rotation (lower fibres only)
65
this muscle keeps the medial border of the scapula flat against the ribs – if weak, a winging scapula can present (the medial border of the scapula moves off the ribcage)
serratus anterior
66
Name the origins and common attachment of the anterior, middle and posterior deltoids
``` medial attachment (anterior): anterior lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle medial attachment (middle): lateral acromion medial attachment (posterior): spine of the scapula (421) lateral attachment: deltoid tuberosity ```
67
Name the actions of the deltoids
action (all): G-H abduction action (anterior head): G-H medial rotation, flexion, horizontal adduction action (posterior head): G-H lateral rotation, extension, horizontal abduction
68
Name the attachments and actions of Supraspinatus
medial attachment: supraspinous fossa lateral attachment: superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule) action: abduction/scaption action: stabilizes the G-H joint by ‘tucking’ the head of the humerus up into the glenoid fossa
69
Name the attachments and actions of Infraaspinatus
medial attachment: infraspinous fossa lateral attachment: middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule) action: G-H external rotation
70
Name the attachments and actions of Teres minor
medial attachment: lateral middle border of the scapula (between triceps and teres major) lateral attachment: inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule) action: G-H external rotation
71
Name the attachments and actions of Subscapularis
medial attachment: subscapular fossa lateral attachment: lesser tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule) action: G-H internal rotation
72
Name the attachments and actions of Teres major
medial attachment: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula lateral attachment: medial lip of the bicipital groove action: G-H internal rotation action: G-H extension action: G-H adduction

T1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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