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T1 Anatomy > Anatomy Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz #2 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Which directions does the head of the femur project?

A

medially, superiorly, and anteriorly

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2
Q

Which directions does the acetabulum project?

A

laterally, inferiorly, and anteriorly

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3
Q

Which motions are available at the hip?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

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4
Q

What shape is the articular surface of the acetabulum

A

Horseshoe-shaped

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5
Q

The head of the femur and the horseshoe shaped part of the acetabulum are covered with what?

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

What connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum?

A

Ligament of the head of the femur (a.k.a. ligamentum teres, round ligament, foveal ligament)

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7
Q

Name the fibrocartilagenous lip that attaches to the bony rim of the acetabulum and deepens the acetabulum (make the ‘socket’ a deeper socket)

A

Acetabular labrum

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8
Q

What lies in the centre of the acetabulum, and is occupied by a fat pad covered with synovium.

A

Acetabular fossa

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9
Q

What lies between the two ends of the horseshoe of the acetabulum to allow passage for blood vessels?

A

Acetabular notch

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10
Q

What connects (closes) the acetabular notch?

A

Transverse ligament of the acetabulum

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11
Q

Extension/hyperextension tightens the capsular ligaments of the hip, making extension part of the __________________ and a position of stability in an upright posture

A

Close-packed position

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12
Q

Which ligament attaches at AIIS, acetabular rim ⬄ intertrochanteric line of the femur, and checks extension, abduction, lateral rotation?

A

Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament)

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13
Q

Which ligament attaches at superior pubic ramus ⬄ iliofemoral ligament, and checks abduction?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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14
Q

Which ligament attaches attaches at the ischial part of the acetabular rim ⬄ femoral neck and medial greater trochanter, and checks hyperextension?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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15
Q

Where is the trochanteric bursa?

A

between the gluteus maximus muscle and the (postero-lateral) greater trochanter.

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16
Q

Where is the ischiogluteal bursa?

A

overlying the ischial tuberosity

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17
Q

Weaver’s bottom (people weaving would have to extend one leg forward then the other) is a layman’s term for this condition

A

Ischiogluteal Bursitis

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18
Q

Where is the iliopectineal bursa?

A

Between the iliopsoas muscle and the iliopubic eminence.

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19
Q

What part of the femur has both a superficial and deep bursa?

A

The greater trochanter

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20
Q

What is between the inferior and superior pubic ligaments?

A

The pubic symphysis

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21
Q

What types of joint is the SI joint?

A

Synovial (very strong— high stability, low mobility)

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22
Q

Which ligaments, besides the pubic symphysis, progressively relax during pregnancy to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal?

A

The vertebropelvic ligaments

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23
Q

Which ligament attaches from L4 & L5 to the posterior iliac crest, is a key stabilizer of L5, and limits/checks/restricts lateral flexion?

A

The iliolumbar ligament

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24
Q

Which ligament attaches from the posterior surface of the sacrum/coccyx to the ischial tuberosity, stabilizes the SI joint and provides a surface attachment for gluteus maximus?

A

The sacrotuberous ligament

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25
Which ligament attaches from the lateral sacrum/coccyx to the ischial spine and converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen?
The sacrospinous ligament.
26
___________ connect muscle to bone.
Tendons
27
The connection between a muscle and a tendon is called the_________ junction
Musculotendinous junction (MTJ)
28
The connection between a tendon and a bone is called the _______________ junction
Tendoperiosteal (TPJ)
29
The __________ is the central portion of the muscle (the meat of it)
Belly
30
The __________ is one of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon
Head
31
A sheet-like tendon is called a(n) ____________
Aponeurosis
32
What type of muscle contraction pulls the attachments closer together?
Concentric contraction
33
When a muscle contracts against a resistance and there is no visible change in the muscle length (its attachments are NOT drawn together or pulled apart), it is called a(n)
Isometric conraction
34
When a muscle is generating force but is unable to overcome the force, the muscle will undergo a lengthening or _________ __________
Eccentric contraction
35
When a muscle contracts, the attachment that is fixed is sometimes called the ________
Origin
36
When a muscle contracts, the attachment that is moving is sometimes called the ________
Insertion
37
Why are the terms 'origin' and 'insertion' for muscle movements sometimes confusing?
Because the fixed-moving attachments can | change
38
In general, the _________ attachment is assumed to be the fixed attachment and a contraction is assumed to be _________ unless otherwise stated.
Fixed, concentric
39
What is the result of contraction of the gluteus medius, assuming the ilium is fixed?
Abduction of the femur
40
What is the result of contraction of the gluteus medius if the femur becomes the fixed attachment (i.e. if the person's weight is on that one side)?
Lateral flexion of the pelvis.
41
What do we call the primary muscle causing the desired movement?
The prime mover
42
What do we call the muscle that opposes a specific action?
The antagonist.
43
What do we call the muscles that stabilize the more proximal joints during actions of the more distal joints?
Stabilizers (or fixators)
44
What do we call the muscle(s) that works to assist the prime mover in a given action?
Synergists (or neutralizers, or neutralizing synergists)
45
What do we call the connective tissue that invests throughout the thigh and surrounds the thigh muscles in a dense tubular sheath?
Fascia lata
46
The very strong part of the fascia lata (which thickens laterally) is called the _________
Iliotibial band (IT band)
47
What are the superior and inferior attachments of the IT band?
(Superior) the tubercle of the iliac crest | (inferior) Gerty's tubercle and the patella
48
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the psoas major?
The sides of T12 – L4 vertebrae (and the associated intervertebral discs)
49
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the psoas major?
The lesser trochanter of the femur
50
When the low back is fixed and the femur is moving, what action does the psoas major produce?
Flexion of the hip joint (with iliacus)
51
When the femur is fixed and the low back is moving, what action does the psoas major produce?
Flexion of the lumbar spine (low back)
52
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the iliacus?
The Iliac fossa
53
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the iliacus?
The lesser trochanter
54
When the pelvis is fixed and the femur is moving, what action does the iliacus produce?
Flexion of the hip joint (with psoas major)
55
When the femur is fixed and the pelvis is moving, what action does the iliacus produce?
Pulls the hip bone anteriorly (anterior pelvic tilt)
56
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the gluteus maximus?
External and posterior surface of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
57
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus maximus?
3⁄4 of the fibres attach into the iliotibial band, 1⁄4 of the fibres attach to the gluteal tuberosity.
58
What are the three actions of the gluteus maximus?
hip joint extension (Prime mover) hip joint lateral rotation hip abduction
59
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the gluteus medius?
external ilium (anterior 2/3rds)
60
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus medium?
lateral surface of the greater trochanter
61
What are the three actions of the gluteus medius?
hip joint abduction (Prime mover) hip joint flexion & medial rotation (anterior fibres) hip joint extension & lateral rotation (posterior fibres)
62
What condition results from weakness in the gluteus medius?
Trendelunburg gait.
63
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the gluteus minimus?
External ilium (deep to gluteus medius)
64
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus minimus?
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter
65
What are the three actions of the gluteus minimus?
hip joint abduction hip joint flexion hip joint medial rotation
66
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the tensor fascia lata?
outer ASIS
67
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus minimus?
iliotibial band (approximately 1/3rd thigh)
68
What are the three actions of the gluteus minimus?
hip joint flexion hip joint abduction hip joint medial rotation
69
What are the superior/proximal attachments of the piriformis?
Anterior sacrum traveling through the greater sciatic notch
70
What are the inferior/distal attachments of the piriformis?
Posteromedial aspect of the greater trochanter
71
What are the three actions of the piriformis?
hip joint lateral rotation (in anatomical position) hip joint medial rotation when the hip is flexed up to approx. 60o hip joint abduction when the hip is flexed greater than 60o
72
The gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus obturator externus and quadratus femoris all aid in which action?
Hip joint lateral rotation.
73
What do we call a bone embedded in a tendon – usually shaped like a sesame seed?
Sesamoid
74
Inside the tendon of which muscle is the patella (knee cap) embedded?
The rectus femoris (one of the quadriceps)
75
Where do the facets of the patella articulate?
The patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
76
Which bone, sometimes called the shin bone, is the primary weight bearing bone of the leg?
The tibia
77
Which bone, located beside the tibia, carries 1/6 of the body's weight?
The fibula
78
What are the three articulations of the knee?
1) the lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle 2) the medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle 3) the patella articulates with the femur
79
What are the 4 available movements at the knee (tibiofemoral joint)?
``` ● flexion ● extension ● internal rotation (limited) ● external rotation (limited) *rotation occurs ONLY when the knee is flexed ```
80
What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint (three points)?
Synovial, biaxial, modified hinge
81
What type of joint is the patellofemoral joint (two points)?
Synovial, plane
82
The patella moves ________ during flexion and _________ during extension
Down, up (superolaterally)
83
The lateral femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the medial femoral condyle, which prevents what?
The patella from tracking too far laterally (sliding out of place)
84
The lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint is called ________
Valgus
85
The medial deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint is called ________
Varus
86
Which ligament checks/restricts varus deviation?
Lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament)
87
Which ligament checks/restricts valgus deviation?
Medial collateral ligament (tibial collateral ligament)
88
What are the attachment points of the Lateral collateral ligament?
lateral epicondyle of the femur ⬄ fibular head
89
What are the attachment points of the medial collateral ligament?
medial epicondyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia

T1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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