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Anatomy Review Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

80 bones of head, neck and torso
Composed of 74 bones from the upright axis and 6 tiny ear bones

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

126 bones that form the appendages to the axial skeleton; upper and lower extremities

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Middle/shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

Ossification - 4th to 5th year

A

Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid

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5
Q

Ossification - 9th to 12th year

A

Pisiform

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6
Q

Ossification - 2nd month

A

Capitate

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7
Q

Ossification - 3rd month

A

Hamate

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8
Q

Ossification - 3rd year

A

Triquetrium

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9
Q

Ossification - 4th year

A

Lunate

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10
Q

Humero-radial and humero-ulnar articulations; form a synovial hinge joint

A

Elbow joint

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11
Q

Variable, receptor, control center, effector

A

Homeostatic control systems

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12
Q

Feedback control system:

Will do the exact opposite

A

Negative feedback

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13
Q

Feedback control system:

Amplifies the problem until it ends

A

Positive feedback

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14
Q
  1. Intracellular regulation
  2. Intrinsic regulation
  3. Extrinsic regulation
A

Levels of homeostatic control

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15
Q

Specific value range, ex. Temperature

A

Set point value

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16
Q

Forms covering on all internal and external surfaces

A

Epithelial tissue

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17
Q
  • protection
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • sensory functions
  • excretion
A

Epithelial tissue

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18
Q

Epithelial cells:
Flat and sheet like in appearance

A

Squamous

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19
Q

Epithelial cells:
Cube like, equal width, height, depth

A

Cuboidal

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20
Q

Epithelial cells:
Column like, taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

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21
Q

2 types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Membranous (covering or lining)
  2. Glandular
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22
Q
  • one cell layer of flat cells
  • permeable to many substances
A

Simple squamous

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23
Q
  • one cell layer of cuboidal cells
    Ex. Found in many glands and ducts
A

Simple cuboidal

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24
Q
  • multiple layers of flat cells
    Ex. Skin
  • can be non keratinized
    Ex. Mouth and esophagus
A

Stratified squamous

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25
- 2 or more cuboidal rows - serves to protect Ex. Pharynx
Stratified cuboidal
26
- stratified tissue typically found in stress and high change areas of the body - has the ability to stretch Ex. Wall of urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium
27
Secretion could be discharged into ducts then taken onto body surface
Exocrine glands
28
Secretion may be discharged directly into blood stream
Endocrine glands
29
- membranous type attached to basement membrane - avascular ( no vessels but absorbs what is needs) - cells are in close proximity - capable of reproduction
Epithelial tissue
30
- connects - supports - transports - protects
Connective tissue
31
Connective tissue: - loose - adipose - reticular - dense
Fibrous
32
Connective tissue: - compact bone - cancellous bone
Bone
33
Connective tissue: - hyaline - fibrocartilage - elastic
Cartilage
34
Fibrous, bone, cartilage, blood
Connective tissue
35
- makes up most of the muscles attached to the bone - threadlike cells with many cross striations and many nuclei per cell
Skeletal Striated voluntary
36
- found in walls of hollow internal organs - elongated narrow cells, no cross striations, one nucleus per cell
Smooth Non-striated involuntary OR visceral
37
- makes up the wall of the heart - branching cells with intercalated disks
Cardiac Striated involuntary
38
Rapid regulation and integration of body activities
Nervous tissue
39
Special characteristics of nervous tissue
Excitability, conductivity
40
Conducting unit of system - cell body OR soma
Neuron
41
Transmits nerve impulse away from the cell body
Axon (single process)
42
Transmits nerve impulse toward the cell body and axon
Dendrite (one OR more)
43
Special connecting, supporting, coordinating cells that surround neurons
Neuroglia
44
Course sheath of connective tissue that covers whole muscle
Epimysium
45
A tougher connective tissue envelope that binds muscle fibers into fascicles (groups)
Perimysium (Under epimysium)
46
A delicate connective tissue membrane covering a muscle cell or muscle fiber
Endomysium (Farthest in)
47
Strap like muscles of all lengths with parallel fascicles *recuts
Parallel (Straight muscles)
48
Fascicles that radiate out from a small to a wide point of attachment (fan)
Convergent
49
Featherlike in appearance
Pennate
50
Fascicles that may be close to parallel at the center but converge to a tendon at one or both ends
Fusiform
51
Fibers that twist between their points of attachment
Spiral
52
Often circle body tubes or openings, also called orbicular or sphincters
Circular
53
Line closed body cavities
Parietal
54
Cover visceral organs
Visceral
55
Surrounds a lung and lines the thoracic cavity
Pleura
56
Covers the abdominal visceral and lines the abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
57
What type of muscle is the pectoralis major?
Convergent
58
What type of muscle is the deltoid?
Multipennate
59
Point of attachment of a muscle that does not move when the muscle contracts
Origin
60
Point of attachment of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts
Insertion
61
A muscle that directly performs a specific movement
Prime mover
62
Muscles when contracting directly opposes prime movers
Antagonist
63
Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover
Synergists
64
Muscle that functions as a joint stabilizer
Fixative muscle
65
Muscles that start and stop within the hand/same region
Intrinsic
66
What is considered to be the lower respiratory system?
Inside the thoracic cavity

Anatomy (25 decks)

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