Digestive Anatomy - Part 2

Question 1

Lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 1

Parietal periteum

Question 2

Space outside the parietal layer of the peritoneum

Answer 2

Extraperitoneal

Question 3

The extraperitoneal space along the posterior and bottom of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal

Question 4

-fan shaped projection of parietal peritoneum
-extends from lumbar region of posterior abdominal wall
-attached border is short but the loose outer edges that enclose the jejunum and ileum is almost 6m long
-allows free movement of each coil of the intestine and helps prevent strangulation

Answer 4

Mesentry
(Fold of Peritoneum)

Question 5

-extension of the peritoneum that supports the transverse colon
-attaches transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

Answer 5

Transverse mesocolon
(Folds of peritoneum)

Question 6

-a continuation of the serosa of the peritoneum from the greater curve of the stomach and first part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

Answer 6

Greater omentum
(Folds of peritoneum)

Question 7

A fold of peritoneum that attaches from the liver to the lesser curve of the stomach and first part of the duodenum

Answer 7

Lesser omentum
(Folds of peritoneum)

Question 8

-largest gland in the body
-weighs approx. 1.5kg (3-4lbs)
-lies under diaphragm (occupies most of right hypochondrium and part of epigastrium)

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

What are the 2 lobes of the liver separated by?

Answer 9

Falciform ligament

Question 10

Forms approx. 1/6 of liver

Answer 10

Left lobe

Question 11

Forms approx. 5/6 of the liver

Answer 11

Right lobe

Question 12

-right lobe
-superior, posterior surface
-beside IVC

Answer 12

Caudate lobe

Question 13

-right lobe
-inferior surface
-beside gallbladder

Answer 13

Quadrate lobe

Question 14

Anatomical units of the liver

Answer 14

Hepatic lobules

Question 15

Hepatic vein at the center of each lobule

Answer 15

INTRAlobular vein

Question 16

Triad of vessels at corner of each lobule

Answer 16

1. INTERlobular artery (carries O2 blood into the cells)
2. INTERlobular portal vein (carries DeO2 blood from hepatic portal vein into liver to be processed then out the hepatic vein to the IVC for O2 again)
3. INTERlobular bile duct

Question 17

T/F
The veins from the triad each radiate toward or from the central INTRAlobular vein

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How much blood enters each lobule of the liver from the hepatic artery?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

How much blood enters each lobule of the liver from the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 19

75%

Question 20

How does the blood travel from the hepatic portal vein and INTERlobular portal veins to the central INTRAlobular vein

Answer 20

Sinusoids
(Sinusoids have kupffer cells that are phagocytic and remove bacteria)

Question 21

How is bile formed?

Answer 21

By hepatic cells

Question 22

-pear shaped sac
-7-10cm long
-3cm wide
-holds 30-50mL of bile
-lies on undersurface of liver

Answer 22

Gallbladder

Question 23

What are the structures of the gallbladder?

Answer 23

Serous, muscular and mucous layers make up the gallbladder wall
Mucosal lining has rugae, similar to stomach

Question 24

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 24

-storage of bile
-concentration of bile (5-10 times)
-ejection of the concentrated bile into the duodenum to get excreted in the feces
-aids in digestion

Question 25

Obstruction of the bile flow into the duodenum and is therefore not excreted but absorbed into blood and body tissues giving the patient a yellowish skin colour

Answer 25

Jaundice *obstruction of billary tract (bile flow)

Question 26

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 26

Cholecystitis

Question 27

Formation of gall stones

Answer 27

Cholelithiasis

Question 28

Surgical removal of gallbladder

Answer 28

Cholecystectomy

Question 29

-grayish pink gland -12-15cm long -approx. 60g -runs from duodenum (head), behind stomach (body), to spleen (tail)

Answer 29

Pancreas

Question 30

What part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

Answer 30

Tail (spleen end)

Question 31

T/F The pancreas is dual gland composed of endocrine and expcrine glandular tissue

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F The body of the pancreas runs across the aorta and IVC

Answer 32

True

Question 33

-the majority of the pancreas -has compound acinar arrangement (secrete enzymes into tiny ducts that unite to form the main pancreatic duct

Answer 33

Exocrine portion (Into ducts)

Question 34

What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Answer 34

Secrete enzymes into tiny ducts that unite to form the main pancreatic duct, which empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla after merging with the common bile duct

Question 35

Where does the accessory duct from the pancreatic duct enter?

Answer 35

Enters the duodenum 2cm above the major duodenal papilla at the minor duodenal papilla

Question 36

-embedded between exocrine units are pancreatic islets (endocrine cells) -constitutes only 2% of the total mass of pancreas

Answer 36

Endocrine portion

Question 37

What are the islets of the endocrine portion of the pancreas made up of?

Answer 37

Alpha and beta cells that secrete directly into capillaries in the blood stream

Question 38

What do the alpha cell secrete?

Answer 38

Glucagon (hormone that raises blood glucose levels, acts opposite to insulin)

Question 39

What do the beta cells secrete?

Answer 39

Insulin (a hormone that controls carbohydrate metabolism)