Anatomy - Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous System Flashcards
(33 cards)
5 main functions of skeletal system
- Protection: skull & ribs
- Storage of minerals: calcium, salts, phosphorus
- Red blood cell production: carry oxygen & transport CO2 to lungs for exhaling
- Structure: framework that muscles attach to
- Movement: muscles contract or release, creating movement of bones
Bones
- body’s reservoir for calcium
- dynamic living tissue, ever-changing
- yoga helps to maintain bone density
- variety of sizes and shapes
Ligaments
- bind bone to bone
- stronger, stabilize joint while allowing for movement
- larger collagen content than tendons
Tendons
- bind muscle to bone
- more flexibility & pliability
- larger elastin content than ligaments
Tensegrity
Net of continuous tension that creates stability without direct contact (bones connect via soft tissue).
If the tension network becomes weak = cannot support = tension/compensation elsewhere.
Like a trampoline.
Fascia
- One continuous interconnected system that exists from head to toe (like a bodysuit)
- made up of elastin & collagen
Two main functions of fascia
- Connection: attach, separate, support organs, fill space, communication, force transmission
- Protection: enclose, store fat, fight infections, insulate
Joints
- junctions where two bones meet
- 360 joints in human body
- shape of the joint reflects their function
Yoga & joints
- low impact vs. high impact exercise
- minimal damage to cartilage
- increase in range of motion (ROM)
- less strain on joints due to stronger muscles
- helps to circulate synovial fluid: less friction in joints
Body’s control center and communication network
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Structure of the nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS) > brain > spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) > somatic nervous system > autonomic nervous system - sympathetic nervous system - parasympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest
conserves energy, maintains quiet state
Sympathetic nervous system
Flight, fight or freeze.
mobilizes body for action, energy output
Muscular system: ‘personal signature’ of movement
- genetics: loose/tight CT, bone shape
- prior activities: sports
- modeling: physical & mental patterns picked up from parents
- prior injuries: trauma, accidents, tension
- spiritual/karma: past lives
- yoga & facilitated pathway: repetition to create a new habit
Amount of muscles in human body
640
And 100.000 muscles cells act together causing movement
Agonist muscle
Prime mover & contracting muscle that causes the movement
Antagonist muscle
Muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur
Synergistic muscle
Muscles that help to stabilize the joint
State of muscles
Contracted
Relaxed
Stretched
3 main functions of the Nervous System (NS)
Sensory: sensory input
Integration: information processing
Motor: motor output
How movement happens
NS gives a signal
> muscle contracts
> CT holds the muscle in tone and connects it to the bone
> skeleton moves
Varying degrees of mobility of the joints
Functional range
Hyper mobile
Hypo mobile
Principles of stretching muscles
- Static stretching (active & passive)
- Facilitated stretching
- Dynamic stretching
Yoga & Nervous System
Breath: different methods of breathing affect autonomic nervous system
Asana: stimulate sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system
Meditation: stimulates parasympathetic nervous system
