Anatomy Study Guide (jr.)

Question 1

What term refers to the structures on the cell membrane that receive and accept hormones and produce other biochemicals?

Answer 1

Hormone receptors

Question 2

What type of glands have ducts through which chemicals move?

Answer 2

Sudoriferous

Question 3

What is the system of ductless glands that secrete or produce hormones?

Answer 3

Enocrine System

Question 4

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 4

Center of the head

Question 5

What do trophic horones do?

Answer 5

Cause other glands to make other hormones

Question 6

What gland ties the nervous system to the endocrine system?

Answer 6

Hypothalamus

Question 7

What term refers to the daily biochemical patterns of the body?

Answer 7

Circadian rhythyms

Question 8

What is a symptom of thyrotoxicosis?

Answer 8

Hand tremors

Question 9

What causes the secretion of adrenaline?

Answer 9

Stress

Question 10

What hormones help regulate blood sugar?

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids

Question 11

What type of medication, if used in excess, can cause Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 11

Hydrocortisone

Question 12

What hormone do the islets of Langerhans manufacture?

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

What is NOT a factor known to increase one’s likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes?

Answer 13

Drug use

Question 14

What skin condition is associated with diabetes?

Answer 14

Fungal infections

Question 15

What gland produces T cells?

Answer 15

Thymus gland

Question 16

What hormone gives a woman female characteristics?

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

What hormone helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth?

Answer 17

Relaxin

Question 18

When do the sex glands usuually begin to function?

Answer 18

Age 12 to 14

Question 19

What part of the face is usually the first to develop visible pores?

Answer 19

Nose

Question 20

What helps to resolve keratosis pilaris?

Answer 20

Gommages

Question 21

How long does the menstral cycle usually last?

Answer 21

27 to 30 days

Question 22

In what phase of the menstral cycle does the estrogen level reach a high point?

Answer 22

Phase 3

Question 23

What does the trophoblast do?

Answer 23

Provides nutrition for the embryo

Question 24

What term refers to a condition in which the face develops significant hyperpigmentation and resembles a dark facial mask?

Answer 24

Melasma

Question 25

What condition is commonly known as stretch marks?

Answer 25

Striae distensae

Question 26

What should you do when treating a pregnant woman?

Answer 26

Perform electrical treatments only with the express approval of her physician

Question 27

How long before menstruation do women commonly experience acne flare-ups?

Answer 27

7-10 days

Question 28

What should you advise clients with premenstral acne to do?

Answer 28

Use a follicular exfoliant on a regular basis

Question 29

What skin problem is often associated with the use of birth control pills?

Answer 29

Acne flares

Question 30

When do the ovaries stop releasing eggs?

Answer 30

Menopause

Question 31

What condition are women who lose their ovaries early in life more likely to develop?

Answer 31

Osteoporosis

Question 32

What type of drug is now being used to help with hot flashes?

Answer 32

Antidepressants

Question 33

What is a symptom of menopausal skin?

Answer 33

Accentuauted wrinkles

Question 34

What is a recommended treatment for hirsutism?

Answer 34

Electrolysis

Question 35

What condition commonly causes hormonal fluctuations and irregulary menstrual cycles?

Answer 35

Anorexia

Question 36

What term refers to the ability of muscle fibers to transmit electricity?

Answer 36

Conductivity

Question 37

What are the two basic types of muscle?

Answer 37

Striated and smooth

Question 38

Where is the cardiac muscle found?

Answer 38

Myocardium

Question 39

What statement about smooth muscle is correct?

Answer 39

It can stretch and maintain tension for longer periods than striated muscle.

Question 40

What are the threadlike structures responsible for the contractile properties of muscle that allow voluntary movement?

Answer 40

Myofilaments

Question 41

What is NOT found in fascia?

Answer 41

Tendon fibers

Question 42

What is the region between the neron terminals and the muscle fibers known as?

Answer 42

Synaptic gap

Question 43

What movement moves a jointin such a way as to decrease the angle of the joint?

Answer 43

Flexion

Question 44

What movement involves moving a limb away from the center of the body?

Answer 44

Abduction

Question 45

What type of movement are you making when you move your foot up and down?

Answer 45

Dorsiflexion

Question 46

What movement do you make when you rotate your forearm so that the palm turns downward?

Answer 46

Pronation

Question 47

What movement do you make when you touch your thumb to your fingers?

Answer 47

Opposition

Question 48

What is the end point of a muscle where it attaches to the bone it moves?

Answer 48

Insertion

Question 49

What is the thick connective tissue attached to the skull that spreads down toward the forehead and connects to the frontalis?

Answer 49

Aponeurosis

Question 50

What muscle draws the eyebrows down and together to produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows?

Answer 50

Corrugator

Question 51

What muscle raises the corners of the mouth, as in smiling?

Answer 51

Zygomaticus Major

Question 52

What muscle closes and retracts the jaw?

Answer 52

Masseter

Question 53

What do the levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris do?

Answer 53

Raises the angle of the mouth

Question 54

Where is the procerus muscle located?

Answer 54

Nose

Question 55

What muscle is responsible for the external contours of the neck?

Answer 55

Platysma

Question 56

What cranial nerve is responsible for all facial expressions?

Answer 56

Cranial Nerve VII

Question 57

What is NOT something the facial nerve does?

Answer 57

Carry the perception of touch from the cheek and side of the face

Question 58

What major branch of the trigeminal nerve goes to the eye?

Answer 58

Ophthalmic nerve

Question 59

Where is the deltoid located?

Answer 59

Front of the body

Question 60

What muscles are found between the ribs?

Answer 60

Intercostal muscles

Question 61

What are the deepest of the abdominal muscles?

Answer 61

Transverse abdominals

Question 62

What is NOT something that the posterior muscles do?

Answer 62

Cause the heart to contract and relax

Question 63

What muscles are most often related to back pain?

Answer 63

Erector spinae muscles

Question 64

What is NOT one of the five muscle groups that regulate hip movement?

Answer 64

Circumductors

Question 65

What are the smaller muscles that keep the legs together during most physical activity?

Answer 65

Adductor muscles

Question 66

What is one of the muscles of the hamstring?

Answer 66

Biceps femoris

Question 67

What muscle is commonly known as the calf muscle?

Answer 67

Gastrocnemius

Question 68

What is a muscle that not all individuals have?

Answer 68

Tertius peroneus

Question 69

What is the smallest component of the arteries?

Answer 69

Arteriole

Question 70

What is NOT one of the functions of blood?

Answer 70

Keratinization

Question 71

What makes up majority of blood?

Answer 71

Plasma

Question 72

What is a liquid protein found in plasma?

Answer 72

Albumin

Question 73

How much does the blood supply of a 200 lb person weigh?

Answer 73

20 pounds

Question 74

What is the approximate temperature of blood?

Answer 74

100.4 Degrees F

Question 75

What condition occurs when the blood gets too warm?

Answer 75

Hyperthermia

Question 76

What is a function of albumin?

Answer 76

Buffering pH

Question 77

What are the only complete cells found in the blood?

Answer 77

White blood cells

Question 78

What is a thrombocyte?

Answer 78

Platelet

Question 79

What is a symptom of anemia?

Answer 79

Irregular menstral cycles

Question 80

What is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a reduced number or complete absense of clotting factors?

Answer 80

Hemophilia

Question 81

What is the central organ of the circulatory system?

Answer 81

Heart

Question 82

What is the center layer of the pericardium?

Answer 82

Serous pericardium

Question 83

What is both a part of the pericardium and part of the heart wall?

Answer 83

Epicardium

Question 84

What are the top chambers of the heart known as?

Answer 84

Atria

Question 85

What valves regulate the flow of blood between the ventricles and the major blood vessel to which they connect?

Answer 85

Semilunar valves

Question 86

How many times does the average heart beat in a single minute?

Answer 86

72

Question 87

How many heart sounds are typically loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope during each cardiac cycle in a normal heart?

Answer 87

Two

Question 88

What broad term is used to describe any condition that affects the performance of the heart or the cardiovascular system?

Answer 88

Heart disease

Question 89

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 89

Heart rate either lower or higher than normal

Question 90

What statement about the arteries is correct?

Answer 90

They are elastic and contractile

Question 91

What are muscular arteries also known as?

Answer 91

Distributing arteries

Question 92

What connects arterioles and venules?

Answer 92

Capillaries

Question 93

What type of vessel emerges from an arteriole, passes through the capillary network, and empties into a venule?

Answer 93

Metarteriole

Question 94

What is the principal vein draining blood from the lower portion of the body?

Answer 94

Vena cava inferior

Question 95

Blood pressure in a peripheral venule is about __ percent of that in the ascending aorta?

Answer 95

10

Question 96

What condition is associated with varicose veins and spider veins?

Answer 96

Pregnancy

Question 97

What system includes the cells, tissues, and organs responsible for defending the body against environmental hazards?

Answer 97

Lymphatic system

Question 98

What is the major difference between interstitial fluid and lymph?

Answer 98

Location

Question 99

What does the lymphatic system primarily produce, maintain, and distribute?

Answer 99

Lymphocytes

Question 100

What part of the body lacks lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 100

Corner of the eye

Question 101

What do lymph nodes do?

Answer 101

Filter lymph

Question 102

What is NOT one of the principal lymph trunks?

Answer 102

Ocular

Question 103

What is NOT a benefit of lymphatic drainage?

Answer 103

Encourages edema