Chemistry Flashcards
(174 cards)
1
Q
Fragrances
A
Give products their scent.
2
Q
Fatty Esters
A
Emollients produced from fatty acids and alcohols.
3
Q
Fatty Alcohols
A
Emollients; fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen.
4
Q
Fatty Acids
A
Emollients; lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats.
5
Q
Exfoliation
A
Peeling or sloughing of outer layer of skin.
6
Q
Exfoliants
A
Mechanical and chemical product or processes used to exfoliate skin.
7
Q
Essential Oils
A
Oils derived from herbs and have different healing properties.
8
Q
Enzyme Peels
A
Dissolve keratin proteins (dead skin cells) and exfoliate.
9
Q
Emulsifiers
A
Surfactants that cause oil and water to mix.
10
Q
Emollients
A
Oil or fatty ingredients that lubricate, moisturize, and prevent water loss.
11
Q
Echinacea
A
Derives from purple cornflower; prevents infection and heals.
12
Q
DMAE
A
Dimethylaminoethanol. Antioxidant that stabilizes cell membranes and boosts effects of other antioxidants.
13
Q
Detergents
A
Surfactant used as cleanser in skin care products.
14
Q
Delivery Systems
A
Systems that deliver ingredients to specific tissues of epidermis.
15
Q
Cosmetics
A
Articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, or sprinkled to body for cleansing, beautifying, or altering appearance.
16
Q
Cosmeceuticals
A
Products intended to improve skin’s health and appearance.
17
Q
Comedogenicity
A
Tendency of any topical substance to cause or worsen a build up in follicle, leading to development of a camedo (blackhead).
18
Q
Colorants
A
Vegetables, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color.
19
Q
Coenzyme Q10
A
Powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells.
20
Q
Cleansers
A
Soaps and detergents that clean the skin.
21
Q
Clay Masks
A
Oil-absorbing cleansing masks that draw impurities to the surface of skin as they dry and tighten.
22
Q
Chemical Exfoliation
A
Chemical agent that dissolves dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix.
23
Q
Chelating Agent
A
Chemical added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative.
24
Q
Chamomille
A
Plant extract with calming and soothing properties.
25
Certified Colors
Inorganic color agents also known as metal salts; D&C (Drug & Cosmetics)
26
Carrot
Rich in vitamin A, derived from seeds and as an oil; product colorant.
27
Carbomers
Ingredients used to thicken creams; frequently used in gel products.
28
Calendula
Anti-inflammatory plant extract.
29
Botanicals
Ingredients derived from plants.
30
Binders
Substances such as glycerin that bind or hold products together.
31
Beta Hydroxy Acids
BHAs; Exfoliating organic acid.
32
Beta-glucans
Used in antiaging cosmetics to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating collagen.
33
Benzyl Peroxide
Drying ingredient with antibacterial properties.
34
Azulene
Derived from chamomile plant and characterized by its deep blue color.
35
Astringents
Liquids that help remove excess oil on skin.
36
Aromatherapy
Theurapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils.
37
Anhydrous
Products that contain no water.
38
Ampoules
Small, sealed vials with simple application of highly concentrated extracts.
39
Alum
Compound made of aluminum, potassium, or ammonium sulfate.
40
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Natural molecule found in every cell in the body. An antioxidant.
41
Aloe Vera
Most popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations.
42
Allantoin
Anti-inflammatory compound isolated from herb comfrey.
43
Algae
Derived from minerals and phytohormones. Remineralizes and revitalizes the skin.
44
Alcohol
Antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents.
45
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
AHAs; Acids derived from plants to exfoliate skin by loosening bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolving intercellular matrix. Stimulates cell renewal.
46
Anion
An ion with a negative electrical charge.
47
Alkalis
Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts. pH above 7.0 (neutral), tastes bitter, turns litmus paper from red to blue.
48
Air
The gaseous mixture that makes up the Earth's atmosphere. It is odorless, colorless, and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume.
49
Acids
Substances that have a pH below 7.0, taste sour, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.
50
Acid-Alkali Neutralization Reactions
When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water (H20) and a salt.
51
Acid Mantle
Protect barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin.
52
Chemical Properties
Characteristics determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance.
53
Chemical Compounds
Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and distinct properties.
54
Chemical Change
Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original.
55
Cation
Ion with a positive electrical charge.
56
Atoms
Smallest chemical components (particles) of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
57
Antioxidants
Stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. Vitamins such as A, C, E can be applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body functions.
58
Chemical Properties
Characteristics only determined by chemical reaction and chemical change in identity of substance.
59
Chemistry
Science that deals with composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes.
60
Combustion
Rapid oxidation of any substance. Produces light and heat.
61
Compound Molecules
Also known as compounds. A chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions.
62
Element
Simplest form of matter; can't be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity.
63
Elemental Molecules
Molecule containing 2 or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions.
64
Emulsions
Unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances and or emulsifier.
65
Free Radicals
Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease, and biochemical aging in body. Super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in process that are created by highly reactive atoms or molecules.
66
Gases
Matter without a definite shape or size. No fixed volume.
67
Hydrogen
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; the lightest element.
68
Hydrogen Peroxide
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen; colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and slightly acidic taste.
69
Hydrophilic
Easily absorbs moisture; capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving).
70
Hydroxide
An anion with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom.
71
Immiscible
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
72
Inorganic Chemistry
The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain hydrogen.
73
Ion
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.
74
Ionization
Separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions.
75
Lipophilic
Having an affinity for or an attraction to fats and oils. Oil loving.
76
Liquids
Matter that has volume, no definite shape, and takes shape of container.
77
Logarithmic Scale
A method displaying data in multiples of 10.
78
Matter
Any substance that occupies space and has mass.
79
Miscible
Capable of being mixed.
80
Molecule
A chemical combination of 2 or more atoms.
81
Nitrogen
Colorless, gaseous element that makes up 4/5 of air in the atmosphere.
82
Oil-in-Water Emulsion
Oil droplets dispersed in water with aid of emulsifier.
83
Organic Chemistry
Study of substances containing carbon.
84
Oxidation
Addition of oxygen of loss of hydrogen. Chemical reaction that combines substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
85
Oxidation Reduction
Also known as redox. Chemical reaction in which oxidizing agent reduced and reducing agent is oxidized.
86
Oxidize
To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen.
87
Oxygen
Most abundant element on Earth.
88
pH
Potential Hydrogen; Relative degree of acidity and alkalinity.
pH= quantity of hydrogen ions.
89
pH Scale
Measure of acidity & alkalinity.
0-14
7=neutral
Below 7=acidic
Over 7=alkaline
90
Physical Change
Change in form or physical properties without chemical reaction or formation of new substance.
91
Physical Mixture
Combo of 2 or more substances physically.
92
Physical Properties
Characteristics determined without chemical reaction and change.
93
Reduction
Chemical reaction when oxygen is less and hydrogen is added.
94
Redox Reactions
Oxidizing agent reduced, reducing agent oxidized.
95
Solids
Definite size and shape.
96
Solute
Substance that dissolves solute to form a solution.
97
Solutions
Uniform mixture of 2 or more mutually miscible substances.
98
Solvent
Dissolves the solute to form a solution.
99
States of Matter
Solid, liquid, and gas.
100
Surfactants
Also known as surface active agents. Reduce the surface tension and increase spreadability and emulsifies.
101
Suspensions
Unstable mixtures of 2 or more immiscable substances.
102
Water
Most abundant--75% of earth's surface, 65% of body.
103
Water-in-Oil Emulsion
Droplets of water dispersed in oil.
104
Salicylic Acid
BHA with exfoliating and antiseptic properties.
105
Rose
Moisturizing, astringent, toner, and deoderant.
106
Retinol
Vitamin A. Cell repair and normalizes cells.
107
Quaternium 15
Preservative
108
Propylene Gylcol
Humectant used in dry or sensitive skin moisturizers.
109
Preservatives
Inhibit growth of microorganisms, kill bacteria, and prevent spoiling.
110
Potassium Hydroxide
Strong alkali used in soaps and creams.
111
Polymers
Chemical compounds of small molecules in chain-like structure.
112
Polyglucans
Derived from yeast. Strenghten cells and stimulate metabolism.
113
Phytotherapy
Use of plant extracts for therapeutic therapy.
114
pH Adjusters
Acids or alkalis used to adjust pH of products.
115
Petroleum Jelly
Occlusive agent; restores barrier layer by holding in water.
116
Performance Ingredients
Cause the actual change.
117
Peptides
Chain of Amino Acids. Stiumulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, and firmness.
118
Paraffin Wax Masks
Warms skin and penetrates ingredients
119
Parabens
Preservatives against bacterial and fungal activity.
120
Papaya
Natural enzyme used for exfoliation.
121
Olfactory System
Gives sense of smell.
122
Oil Soluble
Compatible with oil
123
Non-Certified Colors
Colors that are organic. Can also be natural mineral pigments.
124
Moisturizers
Moisturize the skin.
125
Modelage Masks
Thermal masks, plaster like, special crystals of gypsum.
126
Mineral Oil
Lubricant derived from petroleum.
127
Methylparaben
Preservative, noncomedogenic.
128
Mechanical Exfoliation
Physical method of rubbing dead cells off of skin.
129
Mask
Concentrated treatment products often composed of herbs, vitamins, mineral clays, moisturizing agents, etc, to nourish the skin.
130
Lubricants
Coat skin and reduce friction.
131
Liposomes
Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients and target and release.
132
Lipids
Fats or fat-like substances.
Repair and protect barrier function.
133
Licorice
Anti-irritant used for sensitive skin; lightens pigmentation.
134
Lavender
Anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, balancing, energizing, healing, soothing.
135
Lanolin
Emollient with moisturizing properties.
136
Lakes
Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material.
137
Kojic Acid
Skin brightening agent.
138
Keratolytic
Causes exfoliation, sloughing of skin cells.
139
Jojoba
From beanlike seeds of desert shrub. Lubricant and noncomedogenic, emollient, and moisturizer.
140
Hydrators and Hydrophilic Agents
Attract water
141
Humectants
Attract water.
142
Horsechestnut
Vitamin P; Strengthens capillary walls.
143
Herbs
Heals, stimulates, soothe, moisturizers.
144
Healing Agents
Chamomile or aloe that help heal the skin.
145
Green Tea
Antioxidant, soothes, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, stimulant.
146
Grapeseed Extract
Antioxidant, soothes.
147
Zinc Oxide
Inorganic physical sunblock. Reflects.
148
Witch Hazel
Bark of hamanelis shrub. Soothes, astringent.
149
Water Soluble
Mixable with water.
150
Vehicles
Spreading Agents that carry or deliver other ingredients.
151
Urea
Enhances penetration, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, deodorizes
152
Toners
Tone and tighten skin
153
Titanium Dioxide
Inorganic physical sunscreen, reflects.
154
Tissue Respiratory Factor
TRF; Yeast cells, anti-inflammatory, nourishes.
155
Tea Tree
Soothing and antiseptic, antifungal.
156
Sun Protection Factor
SPF; ability of product to delay sun-induced erythema.
157
Sulfur
Reduces oil-gland activity and dissolves skin's surface.
158
Stem Cells
Protect or stimulate our skin's stem cells; from plants.
159
Squalene
Lubricant and perfume fixative
160
Squalone
Derived from olives; desensitizes and nourishes. An emollient.
161
Sphingolipids
Ceramides part of intercellular matrix.
162
Sorbitol
Humectant that absorbs moisture from air to prevent dryness.
163
Sodium Bicarbonate
Baking soda; alkaline inorganic salt, buffering agent, neutralizes, pH adjuster.
164
Silicones
Oil, silicon, and oxygen. Noncomedogenic.
165
Serums
Concentrated liquid ingredients for skin--penetrate and treat.
166
Seaweed
Nourishing properties.
167
Gommage
Roll off mask; exfoliation creams rubbed off skin.
168
Glycoproteins
Skin conditioning agents derived from carbohydrates and proteins that enhance cellular metabolism.
169
Glycerin
Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as solvent and as a moisturizer.
170
Functional Ingredients
Allow to spread, give body, and texture.
171
Fresheners
Skin freshening lotions with low alcohol content.
172
Water in Oil Emulsion
Droplets of water dispersed in an oil.
173
Redox Reactions
Chemical reaction in which the oxidixzing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.
174
