Anatomy test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
homeostasis
A
how your body maintains a stable internal environment
2
Q
characteristics of life
A
- movement
- responsiveness
- growth
- reproduction
- respiration
- digestion
- absorption
- circulation
- assimilation
- excretion
3
Q
anabolism
A
to build up something
4
Q
pH
A
0-6 acidic
- 00 neutral
- 01-14 basic
5
Q
Na
A
sodium
6
Q
four elements that make up 90% of the body’s mass
A
- carbon
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- nitrogen
7
Q
elements carry a ________ charge
A
negative
8
Q
peptide bonds are found in
A
proteins
9
Q
smallest unit of matter
A
atom
10
Q
function of ATP
A
primary cellular energy carrier
11
Q
organic molecules
A
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
12
Q
what do you know about C6 H12 O6?
A
- it is organic (has C & H)
- 6 carbon
- 12 hydrogen
- 6 oxygen
13
Q
neutral pH
A
7.00
14
Q
basic pH
A
7.01-14
15
Q
enzymes and antibodies are examples of
A
proteins
16
Q
amino acids
A
- they make up 20 proteins
- carboxyl group
- hydrogen group
- one or more atoms
17
Q
the most abundant chemical compound in the body
A
water
18
Q
DNA base-pairing
A
A-T
C-G
19
Q
decomposition reactions
A
- hydrolysis
- catabolic
- digestion
breaks down large molecules to small using water
20
Q
Covalent bonds for electrons
A
share
21
Q
atoms are distinguished from other atoms by
A
the # of protons
22
Q
nucleotides contain
A
- sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogen base
23
Q
neutral atoms have
A
the same # of protons as electrons
24
Q
protons + neutrons =
A
atomic weight
25
the pH scale measures the
concentration of hydrogen ions [H+]
26
a fatty acid with a single covalent bond between 2 of the carbons is said to be
monosaturated
27
a "saturated" fat is saturated with
hydrogen
28
RNA's sugar
ribose
29
what DNA and RNA have in common
the bases: A, G, C
30
the primary lipids in the lipid bilayer of the human plasma membranes are
phospholipids
31
organelles that contain enzymes for production of ATP are
mitochondria
32
organelles that contain enzymes that destroy materials engulfed by phagocytes are
lysosomes
33
the cell does not need to expend energy (ATP) in order to perform
1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. filtration
34
the RNA responsible for bringing and reading the codon and bringing in the amino acid for protein synthesis is
tRNA
35
Cells try to move sodium ions from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell where the Sodium concentration is 14 times higher than the inside of the cell. This means sodium ions are moved out of the cell by
active transport
36
a red blood cell (high in proteins inside) placed in pure water would
the cell would fill up with water and burst
37
the genetic information is coded in DNA by
base pairs
A-T
C-G
38
secretory proteins and membrane molecules are synthesized mainly by the
rough ER or ribosomes
39
the type of storage vesicles produced by the Golgi complex
lysosomes
40
function of centrioles
they separate chromosomes during cell division
41
the weakest bonds formed from polar molecules
hydrogen bonds
42
carbohydrates are
starches and sugars
43
lysosome
have digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria
"garbage disposals"
44
nucleolus
site of ribosome production
black spot in nucleus
45
smooth ER
without ribosomes
| functions with lipid synthesis
46
plasma membrane
regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
47
centrioles
separate chromosomes during cell division
48
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
contains enzymes for aerobic respiration (cellular respiration)
49
rough ER
with ribosomes
| functions in protein synthesis
50
Golgi complex
flattened sacs
refines, packages, modifies, delivers proteins
"UPS"
51
nucleus
allows the passage of certain substances
52
flagella
found in sperm cells
extension of cells
53
ribosomes
provide structural support for RNA molecules
54
transverse plane
divides the body in half at the waist
55
axillary
armpit
56
popliteal
back of knee
57
relationship between bladder and stomach
stomach is SUPERIOR to urinary bladder
58
cephalic
head
59
relationship between ears and tip of nose
ears are LATERAL to the nose
60
circulatory system
the body system that distributes oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
61
parital peritoneum
lines the abdominal cavity
62
parts of the integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, glands, senses, regulates body temp
63
anatomical position
1. standing erect
2. face forward
3. upper limbs at sides
4. palms forward
64
sagittal plane
vertically divides the body through the midline into right and left portions
65
components of feedback systems
1. control center
2. receptor
3. effector
66
chest cavity
thoracic
67
negative feedback system
when a response from the body stops or fixes an outside stimulus
68
levels or organization from least complex to most complex
1. micro
2. atom
3. molecule
4. macromolecule
5. organelle
6. cell
7. tissue
8. organ
9. organ system
10. organism
11. macro
69
organ
a structure that has a specific structure and is composed of two or more different types of tissue
