Anatomy test 2

Question 1

Human use ___ for cellular energy

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

carbs are broken down into

Answer 2

monosaccarides and glucose

Question 3

one glucose molecule =

Answer 3

36-38 ATP molecules

Question 4

true about enzymes

Answer 4

1. controls rates of all metabolic reactions of the cell
2. complex proteins
3. they are catalysts
4. recycled by the cell

Question 5

true about DNA

Answer 5

1. contains genetic code
2. sugar phosphate
3. bases a-t, c-g
4. nitrogen base
5. deoxyribose (sugar)

Question 6

DNA = ATC, mRNA = ____

Answer 6

UAG

Question 7

DNA contains the info needed to synthesize

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

process of forming mRNA

Answer 8

transcription

Question 9

process of reading mRNA

Answer 9

translation

Question 10

each nucleotide in DNA molecules can consist of

Answer 10

1. sugar phosphate backbone

2. bases: a-t, c-g

Question 11

codons

Answer 11

3 base pairs that code for amino acids

word

Question 12

transfer RNA

Answer 12

carries the correct amino acid sequence

anticodons match codons

Question 13

messenger RNA

Answer 13

convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

Question 14

ribosomal RNA

Answer 14

holds the messenger RNA in position during transfer

joins amino acids together

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

portion of DNA containing genetic info for making a single protein

Question 16

base pair

Answer 16

a-t

c-g

Question 17

regulatory proteins

Answer 17

regulates proteins
when to stop
where to go

Question 18

translation

Answer 18

movement of mRNA out of the nucleus

then the protein will be formed

Question 19

promoter

Answer 19

starts off the reading of a protein

Question 20

transcription

Answer 20

photocopy of a gene

Question 21

the folds of the stomach mucosa

Answer 21

rugae

Question 22

the pyloric sphincter is located at the junction of the…

Answer 22

stomach into the small intestine

Question 23

microvilli

Answer 23

hairs on top

Question 24

peristalsis

Answer 24

wave-like motion that moves masses of food along

Question 25

degluttion

Answer 25

swallowing

Question 26

villi

Answer 26

small finger-like projections increase surface area and helps with absorption

Question 27

jejunum/illiem

Answer 27

middle section of the small intestine

Question 28

chyme

Answer 28

like vomit result of the mixing actions of the stomach

Question 29

bolus

Answer 29

what you swallow

Question 30

mastication

Answer 30

chewing mechanical digestion

Question 31

concentrate bile

Answer 31

role of gall bladder

Question 32

duodenum

Answer 32

first section of the small intestine

Question 33

water soluble vitamins

Answer 33

B vitamins vitamin C necessary to oxidize carbs, lipids, & proteins

Question 34

food pyramid

Answer 34

nutritional guide

Question 35

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 35

vit. A, D, E, K stored in the body

Question 36

mineral

Answer 36

4% of body weight concentrated in bone and teeth major ones: calcium and phosphorus

Question 37

amylase

Answer 37

breaks down carbs

Question 38

trypsin

Answer 38

digests proteins

Question 39

lipase

Answer 39

digests fats

Question 40

bile

Answer 40

breakdown of red blood cells

Question 41

secretin

Answer 41

stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonated ion concentration

Question 42

associated with digestion

Answer 42

.

Question 43

the section of the large intestine associated with the appendix

Answer 43

cecum

Question 44

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 44

1. respiration 2. ventilation 3. gas exchange 4. cellular respiration

Question 45

functions of the nose

Answer 45

1. provides an entrance for air | 2. air is filtered by coarse hair

Question 46

structures in correct order of air flow

Answer 46

first: nasopharynx last: alveoli

Question 47

air pressure in the middle ear is equalized via the auditory tube, which opens into the

Answer 47

nasopharynx

Question 48

the vocal cords are part of the

Answer 48

larynx (voice box) upper- false vc lower- true vc

Question 49

the function of the epiglottis is

Answer 49

it prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 50

what is normally found between the visceral and pleural layers of the pleura?

Answer 50

serous fluid

Question 51

respiratory tree in order

Answer 51

1. primary bronchi 2. secondary bronchi 3. terminal bronchiole 4. bronchioles 5. alveoli

Question 52

when the diaphragm contracts...

Answer 52

1. the lungs move up/expand 2. the rib cage moves up 3. air rushes in

Question 53

the tidal volume is the

Answer 53

amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one quiet breathe

Question 54

most oxygen is transported in the blood by

Answer 54

hemoglobin (hemo or globin on test)

Question 55

gastric emptying

Answer 55

ask on day of test?

Question 56

a hormone produced by cells of the pyloric portion of the stomach is

Answer 56

secretin

Question 57

salivary secretions

Answer 57

1. amylase 2. mucous 3. serous

Question 58

list of tubing in correct order of food movement

Answer 58

1. mouth 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestine 6. large intestine 7. rectum 8. anus

Question 59

the nasal cavity is divided medially by the

Answer 59

nasal septum

Question 60

the upper respiratory tract includes

Answer 60

1. nose 2. nasal cavity 3. sinuses 4. pharynx not larynx

Question 61

the largest organ in the body is the

Answer 61

liver

Question 62

the trachea divides into two

Answer 62

bronchi (right and left)

Question 63

the membrane that covers the lungs is the

Answer 63

parietal pleura

Question 64

the muscle under the lungs is the

Answer 64

diaphragm

Question 65

bile aids in the digestion of

Answer 65

fats