Anatomy (Thorax) Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Extension of sibsons fascia
A
C7 to 1st rib
2
Q
Apex of lungs related to first rib
A
4cm above 1st costoclavicular joint
3
Q
Number of collateral venous pathway in SVC obstruction
A
4
Azygos vein
Internal mammary venous pathway
Long thoracic brevis system with connections to the femoral and vertebral veins (2 pathways)
4
Q
Muscle behind middle third of clavicle
A
Subclavius
5
Q
Artery behind third part of Clavicle
A
Subclavian
6
Q
Attachment of sternohyoid to other than sternum and hyoid
A
Posterior surface of medial third of clavicle
7
Q
Location of greatest proportion of pectineus muscle in heart
A
Right atrium
8
Q
Location of pulmonary and mitral valve in relation with ribs
A
P Left third costal cartilage
M Left 4th costal cartilage
9
Q
Tributaries of coronary sinus
A
Cardiac veins
10
Q
Location of great cardiac vein
A
Left side
11
Q
Location of middle cardiac vein
A
Right side
12
Q
Location of small cardiac vein
A
Left side
13
Q
Location and draining point of smallest cardiac vein
A
Anterior cardiac vein draining into right atrium directly
14
Q
Area supplied by right coronary artery
A
Right atrium
Diaphragmatic part of right ventricle
Posterior third of interventricular septum
SA node (60%)
AV node (80%)
15
Q
Supplied area of left coronary artery
A
Left atrium
Left ventricles must part
Part of right ventricle
Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
SA node(40%)
16
Q
Position of cusps of tricuspid valve
A
2 anterior
17
Q
Relation of phrenic nerve with cervical fascia
A
It lies deep to Prevertebral later of deep cervical fascia
18
Q
Relation of phrenic nerve with scalene muscle
A
It lies on anterior surface of Anterior scalene muscle
19
Q
Level of entry of phrenic nerve into abdomen
A
T8
20
Q
Opening in the diaphragm for phrenicocolic nerve
A
Caval for right
Left one is left solo
21
Q
Relation of phrenic nerve with subclavian vessels
A
It crosses anterior to 1st part of subclavian artery and posterior to subclavian vein
22
Q
Root of phrenic nerve
A
C345
23
Q
Relation of phrenic nerve with internal thoracic artery
A
Nerve enters the thorax posterior to internal thoracic artery
24
Q
Relation of right phrenic nerve with hilum of right lung
A
Nerve passing anterior to hilum
25
Drainage point of persistent left SVC in heart
Coronary sinus
26
Drainage site of azygos vein and point
Into SVC at angle of Louis
27
Point of thoracic duct crossing the midline
Angle of Louis
28
Reason of formation of cervical rib
Elongation of transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra
29
Composition of cervical rib
Fibrous babe
30
How can cervical rib cause hypoperfusion of hand
Compression of subclavian artery leading to absent of radial pulse
31
What is positive Adsons test
Lateral flexion of neck to the symptomatic side of traction of symptomatic arm will obliterate radial pulse die to cervical rib compression on subclavian artery
32
Approach for cervical rib surgery
Trans axillary
33
Location of cookies arteriosus
Also called infundibulum
It is a smooth walled outflow tract of the right ventricle leaving to pulmonary truck
34
The venae cordis minimae
They are present in all four heart chambers, but are more common in the right atrium, especially along the interatrial septum.
a number of small veins in the walls of all of the heart chambers. An alternative name is the Thebesian veins. They originate within the myocardium and pass deeply through the endocardium of the nearest chamber. Their orifices into the chambers are termed the foramina venarum minimarum.
They return venous blood and may also pass oxygenated blood to the myocardium.
35
Relation of sympathetic chain with pleura
Chain lies posterior to parietal pleura
36
Location of cell bodies of preganglionic efferent fibers
Grey matter of lateral horn of thoracolumbar spinal cord
37
Destination and origin of pro k preganglionic efferent fibers
Leaves from T1-L2
Pass the sympathetic chain
38
Extension of sympathetic chain
These like on vertebral column and run from the base of the skull to coccyx
39
Method of sympathetic denervation for treating hyperhidrosis and caution
Removing the second and third thoracic ganglia with their rami
Caution: removal of T1 will cause horner's suffering
40
Site of lumber sympathetic for vascular disease of lower limb and CAUTION
Lumbar ganglia of L2 and below
Caution: if L1 ganglion is removed ejaculation may be compromised
41
Which is not part of oesophageal wall and importance of its absent
Serosa
This can make the wall hooks suture less securely
42
Ending level of oesophagus
T11
43
Which bronchus is related to oesophagus
Left principal crossing in at 27cm from incisior teeth
44
Relation of oesophagus to thoracic duct
Duct crosses posteriorly from right to left at T5 level
45
Nerve supply of oesophagus
Upper half by recurrent laryngeal
Lower half by vagal plexus
46
Safe triangle for chest drain insertion and its border
5th intercostal mid axillary
Border
Anterior edge of Latissimus dorsi
Lateral border of pectoralis major
Horizontal line above nipple level
47
Boundary of Triangle of auscultation
Lower border of trapezius above
Upper border of Latissimus dorsi below
Medial border of scapula laterally
48
Auscultation sites of heart valves
Mitral left 5th. Mid clavicular line
Tricuspid left 4th. Lower sternal border
Aortic right 2nd. Upper sternal border
Pulmonary left 2nd.Upper sternal border
49
What is Ivor Lewis operative for
Lower oesophageal carcinoma
50
Muscle related to nerve XI
Accessory nerve has a superficial course and it lies under platisma
51
Nucleus related to accessory nerve
Nucleus ambiguous
Vagal nucleus
52
Location of anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Posterior to thyroid gland
53
What is first break of external carotid artery
Suoerior thyroid artery
54
Relation of hemiazygos vein with descending aorta
Vein on right side
55
Diaphragmatic opening of thoracic duct
Aortic
56
Draining point of thoracic duct
Left brachiocephalic vein
57
Level of aortic bifurcation
L4
58
Level of transpyloric plane
L1
59
Level of transition between pharynx and esophagus
C6
60
Level of termination of spinal cord
L1
61
Termination of dural sac
S2
62
Relation among rectus abdominis, coastal margin and transpyloric plane
Lateral border of rectus abdominis meets coastal margin at transpyloric plane
63
Level of intercristal plane
L4
64
Level of intertubercular plane
L5
65
Level of inferior mesenteric artery
L3
66
Level of Formation of IVC
L5
67
Blood supply of trachea
Inferior thyroid artery
68
Level of branching of brachiocephalic artery
Right sternoclavicular paint
69
Anterior Venous relation of brachiocephalic artery
Left brachiocephalic vein
Right inferior thyroid vein
70
Relation of manubrium with vessels
Left vein is posterior to manubrium at the level of its upper border
All branches of aortic arch behind it
71
Prosthetic heart valves level in x-ray
AMT 345 (clockwise)
Aortic medial to 3rd interspace on right
Mitral medial to 4th interspace on left
Tricuspid medial to 5th interspace on right
These locations so not correspond with site of auscultation
72
Relation of phrenic nerve with lung hilum
Nerve passes anterior to hilum
73
relation of vagus nerve with bronchus
Nerve passing posterior to bronchus
74
Location of great cardiac vein
Anterior interventricular groove
75
Location of thebesian veins
Drain into heart directly
76
Largest tributary of coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein
77
Relation among AV valves, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles and ventricular wall
They are serially connected
78
Covering of outer muscular layer of oesophagus
Loose connective tissue
79
Location of Auerbach plexus and function
Between longitudinal and circular muscle layer
The Auerbach plexus is a network of neurons that controls motility in the gastrointestinal tract. It regulates peristaltic waves that move food through the digestive tract, and also controls local muscular contractions that mix and churn food.
80
location of Meissner's plexus and function
in the submucosal tissue
Meissner's plexus mainly controls secretion and blood flow. Its submucosal location facilitates its sensory role
81
Nerve lying medially on their gland in the groove between trachea and oesophagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
82
Which nerve may be injured during ligation of inferior thyroid artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
83
Which nerve may be injured during ligation of superior thyroid artery
External laryngeal nerve
84
Attachment of isthmus of thyroid to which tracheal rings and by what
234
By ligament is berry
85
Venous drainage of thyroid
Superior and middle into IJV
inferior into brachiocephalic vein
86
Contents of superior mediastinum
SVC
Brachiocephalic veins
Arch of aorta with its branches
Thymus
Thoracic duct
Trachea
Oesophagus
Phrenic
Vagus
LEFT recurrent laryngeal
87
Contents of anterior mediastinum
Thymic remnants
Lymph nodes
Fat
88
Contents is middle mediastinum
Heart with aortic root
Arch of azygos vein
Right and left main bronchi
89
Contents of posterior mediastinum
Oesophagus
Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Vagus
Sympathy
Splanchnic
90
Vein of posterior interventricular groove
Middle cardiac vein
91
Relation of scalene muscle with subclavian artery
Artery passes anterior to middle scalene muscle
92
Origin of scalene muscle
Transverse processes of C2-7
93
Innervation of scalene muscle
Spinal nerves C456
94
Alimentary relation of IVC
1st &2nd part of duodenum with Head of pancreas
Liver with bile duct
95
Draining point is hepatic vein into IVC
T8
96
Draining point of inferior phrenic vein into IVC
T8
97
Draining point of right gonadal vein into IVC
L2
98
Draining point of right suprarenal vein into IVC
L1
99
Vertebral level of left main bronchus
T6
100
Relation of trachea with brachiocephalic artery
Trachea lies posteriorly
101
Occasional branch of brachiocephalic artery
Arteria thyroidea ima
102
Muscles of pharyngeal arches
1 Mastication
2 Facial expression
3 Stylopharyngeus
4 Soft palate
6 Larynx
103
Skeletal components of pharyngeal arches
1 maxilla,meckels cartilage, Malleus, incus
2 stapes, styloid process, lesser horn and upper body of hyoid
3 greater horn and lower body of hyoid
4 epiglottis, thyroid cartilage
6 cricoid,arytenoid, corniculate
104
Endocrine part of pharyngeal arches
3 thymus, inferior parathyroids
4 superior parathyroids
105
Arteries from pharyngeal arches
1 maxillary, external carotid
2 inferior branch of superior thyroid, stapedial
3 common carotid, internal carotid
4 from right—subclavian
from left—aortic arch
6 pulmonary, ductus arteriosus
106
Nerves from pharyngeal arches
1 mandibular
2 facial
3 glossopharyngeal
4 vagus
6 vagus and recurrent laryngeal
107
Dangerous layer of SCALP for spread of infection and why
A—middle layer
Loose areolar tissue
Emissary veins draining this area may allow spread of infection into CNS
108
Most common site of extradural hematoma and why
Temporal
Due to middle meningeal artery
109
Most common site of subdural hematoma
Frontal
Parietal
110
Rate of onset of symptom in extradural hematoma
Rapid
111
Rate of onset of symptom in subdural hematoma
Slow
112
Most common cause of subarachnoid hematoma
Spontaneous due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm
113
Causes of secondary brain injury
Oedema
Ischemia
Infection
Tonsillar herniation
Tentorial herniation
114
Components of Cushing reflex
Hypertension
Bradycardia
115
Effect on serum sodium of SIADH
Hyponatremia
116
Minimum CPP of adult
70mmHg
117
Minimum CPP of children
40-70mmHg
118
Structures of right atrium
Pectineus muscle
Crista terminals
Opening of coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis
119
Location of trabeculae carnae
Right ventricle
120
Inner lining of oesophagus
Non kerstinised stratified squamous epithelium
121
Termination of dural sac
Sac of dura
S 2
122
Which structure is routinely divided to mobilize oesophagus during Ivor Lewis procedure
Azygos vein
123
Which structure is routinely divided during sternotomy
Interclavicular ligament
124
Point in safe triangle for chest drain insertion
Mid axillary line at 5th intercostal space
125
Other name of Conus arteriosus and its location
Infundibulum
Part of right ventricle
126
Location of musculi prctinati, their predominant location and developmental origin
Atrium
Greatest proportion in right atrium
They are derived from embryological true atrium
127
Which nerve passes posterior to medial aspect of first rib
Phrenic
128
Embryology origin of pancreas
Ventral and dorsal endodermal outgrowth of duodenum
129
Mnemonic for branches of external carotid artery
Some-superior thyroid
Attendings-ascending pharyngeal
Like -lingual
Freaking -facial
Out -occipital
Potential -posterior auricular
Medical-maxillary
Students -superior temporal
130
Relation is external carotid with muscles in neck
Posterior to posterior belly of digastric , stylohyoid and sternocleidomastoid inferiorly
131
Nervous relation of external carotid artery
Passed by hypoglossal, lingual and facial
