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Anatomy Tutoring Highlights Flashcards

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1
Q

“what is ph of acid?”

A

0-6.9
<7

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2
Q

Strongest Acid

A

lowest ph

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3
Q

Strongest Alkaline

A

highest ph

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4
Q

Weakest acid

A

highest ph

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5
Q

weakest alkaline

A

lowest ph

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6
Q

acid

A

any substance that if dissolves in water realease Hydrogen ion H+

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7
Q

alkaline/base

A

any substance that if dissolves in water realeases hydroxide OH-

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8
Q

Neutral

A

any substance if dissolved in water releases neither/same # of H+ and OH- ; 7

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9
Q

*“definition of a the cell?”

A

the basic structural and functional units of body

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10
Q

Cell main regions (3)

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

bilayer with pores which makes passage of substances into and out of the nucleus possible

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12
Q

*“Location of DNA?”

A

chromatin

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13
Q

Space between plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

control center of the cell and contains DNA

A

nucleus

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15
Q

border of the cell, separates center of the cell from the outside

A

plasma membrane

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16
Q
  • backbone of the plasma membrane
A

phospholipid bilayer

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17
Q

glue to make phospholipid stick together

A

cholesterol

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18
Q

Main regions of plasma membrane? (4)

A

phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol
proteins
carbohydrates

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19
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane (3)

A

boundary of the cell
protects cell
controls transportation of chemicals in/out

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20
Q

channels for chemicals to go in/out

A

Proteins (receptors)

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21
Q

helps cells stick together

A

carbohydrates

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22
Q

semipermeable membrane some chemicals can go in and out of but not all?

A

plasma membrane

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23
Q

*which chemicals can go in and out of the plasma membrane? which can NOT easily go in/out?

A

Fat = easily
Large can NOT easily

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24
Q

space between the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasma

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25
is cytoplasm acid, neutral, or alkaline?
neutral ph=7
26
*jelly, 75% water and other substances that are dissolved in water
cytoplasma
27
main regions of Cytoplasma (3)
cytosol inclussions organelles
28
liquid part of cytoplasma
cytosol
29
Pantry of the cell?
inclussions cell store or unwanted chemicals to use later
30
small organs inside cell ; which is the LARGEST organ inside?
Organelles Nucleus
31
*function of the Mitochondria?
cells powerhouse
32
describe mitochondria
oval shape, two layers on the wall (enzymes), contains DNA
33
ATP
adenosine triphosphane makes energy
34
proteins + rRna
ribosomes
35
*function of ribosomes
protein synthesis ; making protein
36
where are some ribosome freely located?
inside cytoplasma and RER
37
fluid filled canals inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
38
main regions of Endoplasmic Reticulum
smooth ER ; SER rough; RER (ribosomes)
39
*Intracellular transportation of material
rough er ; RER
40
*Provides material to repair cell
smooth er ; SER
41
flat sacs inside the cell, located close to the plasma membrane and ER
golgi apparatus
42
*Functions of Golgi (3)
quality control packaging proteins EXTRACELLULAR transportation of packaged proteins
43
Double layered sacs containing digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
44
*functions of lysosomes (3)
destroy invaders destroy unwanted/unusable organelles apoptosis
45
Apoptosis
cell suicide
46
gives cells shape and *protein thread that supports cells
cytoskeleton
47
main regions of cytoskeleton (3)
microfilaments : smallest intermediate filaments microtubules : largest
48
two rod shaped structures inside the cells with right angle
centrioles
49
*in cell divison they help cell to make spindle fibers
centrioles
50
short hair on the cell surface to move material across the cell such as mucus
cilia
51
Long tail of the cells
Flagella
52
*function of flagella
movement of the cell ; sperm
53
folded plasma membrane, increase cell surface to increase absorption in the small intestine
microvilli
54
*CONTROL OF TRANSPORTATION*
Plasma membrane
55
*INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT*
RER
56
*EXTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT*
golgi
57
no atp required, high to low
passive
58
atp low to high
active
59
endocytosis
too LARGE to enter pinocytosis = liquid phagocytosis = solid
60
exocytosis
too LARGE to leave
61
types of passive (4)
simple ; high to low facilitated ; facilitated by PROTEIN CHANNELS osmosis ; diffusion of water filtration ; high to low w/o expenditure of energy
62
when a cell gets divided to two identical cellls (mother and two daughters)
mitosis
63
goal of mitosis
repair and replace
64
mitosis
replication ; doubling DNA
65
how much time is spent in mitosis?
5-10%
66
non diving cell cycle time?
interphase ; 90-95%
67
phases of mitosis in order (4)
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
68
first step of cell division
replication ; doubling dna
69
last step of cell division
cytokinesis ; doubling cytoplasma (two daughters get separated)
70
first phase of mitosis
prophase nuclear envelope + other organelles disappear
71
second phase of mitosis
metaphase chromosomes line up in middle ; spindle fibers
72
third phase of mitosis
anaphase chromosomes get separated and move to 2 poles of cell
73
final phase of mitosis
telophase nuclear envelope and organelles reappear cleavage furrow
74
*function ; making and programming ribosomes
nucleolus

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