rcp chpt 16 slow

Question 1

Angina

Answer 1

common cause if non-pleuritic chest pain brought on by exertion or stress and is associated with coronary artery occlusion

Question 2

Barrel Chest

Answer 2

an abnormal increase in anteroposterior (AP) diameter

Question 3

Bradycardia

Answer 3

HR <100bpm
hypothermia as a side effect medications with certain cardiac arrythmias and traumatic brain injury

Question 4

Breathlessness

Answer 4

an unpleasant urge to breath

Question 5

Cachexia

Answer 5

weakness and emaciation
complex metabolic syndrome characterized by significant involuntary weight loss, muscle wasting and fatigue

Question 6

Crackles

Answer 6

when air leaks in the tissue
sounds like pop rocks

Question 7

Cyanosis

Answer 7

A bluish discoloration of the skin or oral mucosa
Indicates respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen ( PaO2 + SpO2%)

Question 8

Diagnosis

Answer 8

process of identifying the nature and cause of an illness

Question 9

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 9

when signs & symptoms are shared by many diseases & exact cause is unknown

Question 10

Signs

Answer 10

Refers to objective manifestation of illness

Question 11

Objective Data

Answer 11

Gathered by a clinician
vital signs, xray, blood work

Question 12

Symptoms

Answer 12

refer sensation or subjective experience of some aspect of an illness

Question 13

Subjective Data

Answer 13

patient provides info
pain, sob, anxiety etc

Question 14

Dyspnea Febrile

Answer 14

general term used to describe sensation of breathing discomfort

Question 15

Febrile

Answer 15

State of a patient when temp elevation is caused by disease (fever)

Question 16

Orthopnea

Answer 16

dyspnea triggered when reclining position
common in CHF

Question 17

Congestive Heart Failure (chf)

Answer 17

heart muscle is weakened & cant pump blood effectively

Question 18

Platypnea

Answer 18

triggered by the upright position
pneumonectomy & chronic liver disease

Question 19

Ortheodoxia

Answer 19

oxygen desaturation on assuming an upright position
accompanies platypnea

Question 20

Trepopnea

Answer 20

laying on 1 side relieves dyspnea
associated with CHF & pleural effusion

Question 21

Pulse Deficit

Answer 21

discrepancy between the number of heartbeat heard or felt on apical pulse & radial pulse

Question 22

Pulse Pressure

Answer 22

systolic & diastolic (30-40mmHg)

Question 23

Pulse Paradoux

Answer 23

significant decrease in pulse strength (>10mmHg) during spontaneous inspiration

Question 24

Retractions

Answer 24

an inward sinking of the chest wall during inspiration

Question 25

Shock

Answer 25

defined precisely as inadequate of O2 and nutrients to vital organs relative to metabolic demand

Question 26

Stridor

Answer 26

A loud-high pitched sound associate with upper airway obstruction (larynx & trachea heard without stethoscope

Question 27

Syncope

Answer 27

Fainting temporary loss of consciousness caused by drop in cerebral blood flow

Question 28

Tachycardia

Answer 28

HR >100bpm common caused by exercise, fever, anxiety , low blood pressure

Question 29

Tripoding

Answer 29

patient with severe pulmonary hyperinflation sit upright while bracing their elbows on the table

Question 30

Wheezing

Answer 30

continuous adventitious lung sound with high-low pitched quasi musical sound

Question 31

Tachypnea

Answer 31

RR >20 breaths/min associated with exertion, fever, hypoxemia, hypercarbia

Question 32

Bradypnea

Answer 32

RR <10 breaths/min may occur with trauamatic brain injury servere myocardial infarction, hypothermia

Question 33

HypERtension

Answer 33

BP greater than 140/90 At risk for brain bleeds

Question 34

HyPOtension

Answer 34

1. systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHG 2. mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg 3. decrease systolic pressure > 45mmHg

Question 35

HypERthermia (febrile/fever)

Answer 35

increased temp caused by disease or from normal activities Ex: Exercise

Question 36

HyPOthermia

Answer 36

decreased temp commonly by prolonged exposure to cold

Question 37

Coarse Crackles

Answer 37

AKA Rhonci airway secretions often cleared with coughing

Question 38

Fine Crackles

Answer 38

when coughing DOESNT clear the airway which indicative of air moving through fluid filled airway occurs with CHF or collapsed smaller airway that reopens during inspiration

Question 39

Borg Scale

Answer 39

to measure dyspnea 10 - severe 8 - moderately severe 5 - moderate 2 - slight 0 - none

Question 40

CC

Answer 40

Chief Complaint

Question 41

HPI

Answer 41

History of Present Illness

Question 42

PMH

Answer 42

Past Medical History

Question 43

Explain Pack Years

Answer 43

of packs of cigarettes per day x # of years

Question 44

Oriented x4

Answer 44

Time Place Person Situation

Question 45

Dry Cough

Answer 45

Restrictive lung disease CHF & pulmonary fibrosis

Question 46

Loose/Productive

Answer 46

inflammatory obstructive - bronchitis & asthma

Question 47

Acute Self Limiting

Answer 47

viral infection in the upper airway

Question 48

Chronic

Answer 48

lasting longer than 8 weeks post napal drip, asthma, gastroesophegal reflux

Question 49

Heart Rates (normal, lowest normal , highest normal)

Answer 49

60-100bpm 60 100

Question 50

Respiratory Rate (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

Answer 50

12-20 12 18bpm

Question 51

Systolic Blood (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

Answer 51

<120mmHg 90mmHg 120-129mmHg

Question 52

Diastolic Blood (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

Answer 52

<80 mmHg <60 mmHg >89 mmHg

Question 53

Temperature (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

Answer 53

98.6F(37C) 97F 99F

Question 54

emphysema

Answer 54

hyper resonate note

Question 55

atelectasis

Answer 55

dull note

Question 56

pleural effusion

Answer 56

dull note

Question 57

pneumonia

Answer 57

dull note

Question 58

pneumothorax

Answer 58

hyper resonate note

Question 59

Vocal Fremitus

Answer 59

vibrations created by the vocal cords

Question 60

Tactile Fremitus

Answer 60

vibrations travel down tracheobronchial tree through lungs to chest wall can be felt

Question 61

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Answer 61

formed when fine bubbles are collected in subcutaneous tissues and produces crackling sound

Question 62

Peripheal Cyanosis

Answer 62

signifies poor perfusion of extremities so that tissues extract more O2

Question 63

Central Cyanosis

Answer 63

when mucosa or torso are involved and may signal severe lung disease profound hypertension, contains congenital heart disease