Anatomy -- Upper Limb 1

Question 1

Name all 6 bony landmarks of the shoulder (anterior view)

Answer 1

• Greater tubercle of humerus
• Coracoid process of scapula
• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Less tubercule of humerus
• Humerus

Question 2

Name 3 bony landmarks on the surface of the shoulder from a posterior view

Answer 2

• Spinous process of scapula
• Acromion of scapula
• Inferior angle of scapula

Question 3

Joint by which the upper limb articulates with the axial skeleton

Answer 3

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 4

Function of costoclavicular ligament

Answer 4

Prevent upward and lateral displacement of clavicle

Question 5

3 functions of sternoclavicular joint

Answer 5

• Allow protraction and retraction of shoulder girdle (scapula/clavicle complex)
• Elevation/depression of shoulder girdle
• Abduction/adduction of the shoulder girdle

Question 6

Define adduction of the shoulder girdle

Answer 6

Lateral rotation of scapula

Question 7

Joint involved in initial 30 degrees of abduction of arm

Answer 7

Glenohumeral joint

Question 8

Joint involved in abduction of more than 30 degrees of the arm

Answer 8

Lateral rotation of scapula at sternoclavicular joint

Question 9

4 types of movements that the humerus can do on the shoulder joint independently of the scapula and clavicle

Answer 9

• Abduction and adduction
• Flexion and Extension
• Medial (internal) rotation and Lateral (exernal) rotation
• Arm circles

Question 10

2 sets of ligaments reinforcing the stability of the shoulder girdle

Answer 10

• Coracoacromial ligament
• Coracoclavicular ligament
  
  • Conoid ligament
  • Trapezoid ligament

Question 11

Function of the coracoacromial ligament

Answer 11

Prevent superior dislocation of humerus

Question 12

Function of the coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 12

Prevent rotation of scapula

Question 13

Torn ligaments involved in a separated shoulder

Answer 13

• Acromioclavicular ligament
• Conoid ligament

Question 14

Describe the reinforcement and strengthening of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Answer 14

• Glenoid labrum (cartilage) deepens the glenoid cavity
• Tendon of long head of bicep muscle attaches onto scapula over the glenohumeral joint
• Glenohumeral capsule surrounds all of these

Question 15

Purpose of subacromial bursa

Answer 15

Synovial membrane forming a bursa with synovial fluid around the glenohumeral capsule to prevent friction with surrounding bones and ligaments

Question 16

Muscles attaching to the lesser tubercle of the humerus to externally (=laterally) rotate the arm

Answer 16

• Infra-spinatus
• Teres minor

Question 17

4 muscles comprising the rotator cuff

Answer 17

• Subscapularis
• Infra-spinatus
• Teres minor
• Supra-spinatus

Question 18

Which tendon can be pinched when abducting the arm and why

Answer 18

Supra-spinatus tendon due to its relationship with the clavicle

Question 19

Deltoid muscle origin and insertion

Answer 19

• Origin = clavicle and scapular spine
• Insertion = humerus

Question 20

Main function of deltoid muscle

Answer 20

Abduct the arm

Question 21

2 functions of pectoralis major muscle

Answer 21

Adduction and flexion of arm

Question 22

Attachment of pectoralis minor

Answer 22

Scapula

Question 23

Function of the pectoralis minor

Answer 23

Depression of the scapula

Question 24

Attachment of the serratus anterior muscle and its location

Answer 24

Runs along the ribs –> attach at medial border of the scapula

Question 25

Function of the serratus anterior muscle

Answer 25

Protrude the medial border of the scapula

Question 26

Origin and insertion of trapezius muscle

Answer 26

* Origin = Vertebral column * Insertion = scapula

Question 27

Function of trapezius muscle

Answer 27

* Elecation of scapula * Retraction of scapula * Lateral rotation of scapula (abduction of arm)

Question 28

Only shoulder muscle that is innervated by a cranial nerve (name the nerve)

Answer 28

Cranial nerve XI for the trapezus muscle

Question 29

Function of levator scapulae

Answer 29

Contraction = elevation of scapula

Question 30

Function of rhomboid major and minor muscles

Answer 30

Retraction and medial rotation of scapula

Question 31

Function of latissimus dorsi

Answer 31

Extension of arm and adduction of arm

Question 32

Function of teres major

Answer 32

Extension of arm and adduction of arm

Question 33

Attachment of biceps brachii muscle

Answer 33

Scapula

Question 34

Function of biceps brachii muscle

Answer 34

Flexion of arm at shoulder joint

Question 35

Define the triangle of auscultation

Answer 35

Gap revealed by the layering of all the muscles of the back and shoulder where auscultation of the inner organs of that area is most convenient

Question 36

Subscapularis muscle origin and insertion

Answer 36

Origin = scapula Insertion = humerus

Question 37

Main action of subscapularis muscle

Answer 37

Medial rotation of arm

Question 38

Origin and insertion of supra-spinatus muscle

Answer 38

Origin = scapula Insertion = humerus

Question 39

Main action of supra-spinatus muscle

Answer 39

Abduction of arm

Question 40

Origin and insertion of infra-spinatus muscle

Answer 40

Origin = scapula Insertion = humerus

Question 41

Main action of infra-spinatus muscle

Answer 41

Lateral rotation of arm

Question 42

Origin and insertion of teres minor

Answer 42

Origin = scapula Insertion = humerus

Question 43

Main action of teres minor

Answer 43

Lateral rotation of arm

Question 44

Teres major origin and insertion

Answer 44

Origin = scapula Insertion = humerus

Question 45

Main action(s) of teres major

Answer 45

Adduction/extension of arm

Question 46

Origin and insertion of deltoid muscle

Answer 46

* Origin = Scapula/clavicle * Insertion = Humerus

Question 47

Main action of deltoid muscle

Answer 47

Abduction of arm

Question 48

Origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi muscle

Answer 48

* Origin = Vertebrae * Insertion = Humerus

Question 49

Main actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 49

Adduction/extension of arm

Question 50

Origin and insertion of pectoralis major muscle

Answer 50

Origin = sternum Insertion = humerus

Question 51

Main action of pectoralis major muscle

Answer 51

Adduction/flexion of arm

Question 52

Origin and insertion of pectoralis minor muscle

Answer 52

Origin = sternum Insertion = scapula

Question 53

Main action of pectoralis minor

Answer 53

Depression of scapula

Question 54

Origin and insertion of serratus anterior

Answer 54

Origin = ribs Insertion = scapula

Question 55

Main action of serratus anterior

Answer 55

Protraction of scapula

Question 56

Origin and insertion of trapezius muscle

Answer 56

Origin = vertebrae Insertion = scapula

Question 57

Main actions of trapezius muscle

Answer 57

Retraction/elevation/lateral rotation of scapula

Question 58

Origin and insertion of rhomboids

Answer 58

Origin = vertebrae Insertion = scapula

Question 59

Main actions of rhomboids

Answer 59

Retraction/medial rotation of scapula

Question 60

Origin and insertion of levator scapulae

Answer 60

Origin = vertebrae Insertion = scapula

Question 61

Main action of levator scapulae muscle

Answer 61

Elevation of scapula

Question 62

Origin and insertino of biceps brachii

Answer 62

Origin = scapula Insertion = forearm

Question 63

Main action of biceps brachii muscle

Answer 63

Flexion of arm/forearm