Anatomy -- Upper Limb 5

Question 1

What encloses the carpal tunnel?

Answer 1

Flexor retinaculum

Question 2

Lateral and medial boundaries of the carpal tunnel

Answer 2

Hook of hamate

Pisiform

Scaphoid

Trapezium

Question 3

6 structures within the carpal tunnel

Answer 3

• Ulnar artery
• Ulnar nerve
• Flexor digitorum superficialis
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor Pollicis longus
• Median nerve

Question 4

Hand tendon than runs superficial to the carpal tunnel

Answer 4

Flexor carpi radialis

Question 5

Define carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 5

Compression of median nerve due to inflammation of flexor retinaculum, leading to weakness of thumb and loss of sensation around thumb

Question 6

4 types of joints among the bones of the hand

Answer 6

• Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
• Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
• Metacarpophalangyeal joint (MCP) (knuckles)
• Carpometacarpal joints

Question 7

Hand joint commonly affected by osteoarthritis

Answer 7

Distal interphalangeal joint

Question 8

Hand joints commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 8

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Metacarpophalyngeal joint

Question 9

6 movements of the fingers

Answer 9

• Adduction
• Abduction
• Extension (at MCP)
• Flexion (at MCP)
• Extension (at DIP)
• Flexion (at DIP)

Question 10

6 movements of the thumb

Answer 10

• Extension
• Flexion
• Adduction
• Abduction
• Reposition
• Opposition

Question 11

Muscles responsible for abduction of fingers

Answer 11

Dorsal interossei muscles

Question 12

Muscles responsible for adduction of fingers

Answer 12

Question 13

Function of lumbrical muscle

Answer 13

• Flex MCP joint
• Extend PIP and DIP joints

Question 14

3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence

Answer 14

• Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Abductor digiti minimi
• Opponens digiti minimi

Question 15

5 muscles of the thenar eminence

Answer 15

• Adductor pollicis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• Abductor pollicis brevis
• Opponens pollicis
• Abductor pollicis brevis

Question 16

Define the hypothenar eminence

Answer 16

Muscle bulk of little finger

Question 17

Define the thenar eminence

Answer 17

Muscle bulk of the thumb

Question 18

Deepest muscles of the hypothenar and thenar eminences

Answer 18

• Hypothenar = opponens digiti minimi
• Thenar = opponens pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis

Question 19

2 fascial spaces and the areas to which infection can spread by them

Answer 19

• Midpalmar space –> infection of middle finger
• Thenar space –> infection of index finger

Question 20

Describe the anastomoses occuring in the palmar arch

Answer 20

Anastomoses between the radial and ulnar arteries (division at the index finger)

Question 21

Location of radial artery in hand

Answer 21

Anatomical “snuff box”

Question 22

Muscles innervated by the recurrent branch

Answer 22

• Adductor pollicis brevis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• Opponens pollicis

Question 23

Define ape hand and its cause

Answer 23

• Atrophy of thenar eminence and reduced ability to flex index and middle fingers
• Due to median nerve injury at wrist

Question 24

Cutaneous distribution of recurrent nerve innervation

Answer 24

• Half of palmar surface
• Majority of thumb
• First 2 and a half fingers
• Tips of back of first 2 and a half fingers until the PIP

Question 25

Muscles of hand innervated by ulnar nerve

Answer 25

Central and hypothenar muscles

Question 26

Cutaneous distribution of ulnar nerve innervation

Answer 26

Entire front, back and side of hand occupied by pinky and half of the ring finger

Question 27

Define claw hand

Answer 27

Injury of ulnar nerve at wrist --\> Fingers hyperextended at MCP and flexed at IPs becuase limbrical is affected

Question 28

Innervation of radial nerves in hand

Answer 28

Cutaneous branches only on the back of the hand on the half involving the thumb and first 2 fingers up to the DIP

Question 29

Origin and insertion of dorsal interossei

Answer 29

Origin = metacarpal Insertion = phalanx

Question 30

Main action of dorsal interossei

Answer 30

Abduction of digit

Question 31

Innervation of dorsal interossei

Answer 31

Ulnar nerve

Question 32

Origin and insertion of palmar interossei

Answer 32

Origin = metacarpal Insertion = phalanx

Question 33

Main action of palmar interossei

Answer 33

Adduction of digit

Question 34

Innervation of palmar interossei

Answer 34

Ulnar nerve

Question 35

Origin and insertion of lumbrical muscle

Answer 35

Origin = tendon of flexor digitorum Insertion = tendon of extensor digitorum

Question 36

Main action of lumbrical muscle

Answer 36

Flexion of MCP and extension of IPs

Question 37

Innervation of lumbrical muscle

Answer 37

Median or ulnar nerve

Question 38

Origin and insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 38

Origin = wrist Insertion = thumb

Question 39

Main action of abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 39

Abduction of thumb

Question 40

Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 40

Median nerve

Question 41

Origin and insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 41

Origin = wrist Insertion = thumb

Question 42

Main action of flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 42

Flexion of thumb

Question 43

Innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 43

Median nerve

Question 44

Origin and insertion of opponens pollicis

Answer 44

Origin = wrist Insertion = thumb

Question 45

Main action of opponens pollicis

Answer 45

Opposition of thumb

Question 46

Innervation of opponens pollicis

Answer 46

Median nerve

Question 47

Origin and insertion of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 47

Origin = wrist Insertion = fifth finger

Question 48

Main action of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 48

Abduction of little finger

Question 49

Innervation of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 49

Ulnar nerve

Question 50

Flexor digiti minimi origin and insertion

Answer 50

Origin = wrist Insertion = fifth finger

Question 51

Main action of flexor digiti minimi

Answer 51

Flexion of little finger

Question 52

Innervation of flexor digiti minimi

Answer 52

Ulnar nerve

Question 53

Origin and insertion of opponens digiti minimi

Answer 53

Origin = wrist Insertion = fifth finger

Question 54

Main action of opponens digiti minimi

Answer 54

Opposition of little finger

Question 55

Innervation of opponens digiti minimi

Answer 55

Ulnar nerve

Question 56

Myotome for abduction of arm

Answer 56

C5

Question 57

Myotome for flexion of elbow

Answer 57

C(5)6

Question 58

Myotome for flexion of digits

Answer 58

C8

Question 59

Myotome for abduction and adduction of digits

Answer 59

T1