Anatomy -- Upper Limb 4

Question 1

4 types of movements that the wrist can do

Answer 1

• Extension
• Flexion
• Adduction
• Abduction

Question 2

2 possible reasons for medial and lateral rotation of the hand

Answer 2

• Medial and lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder joint
• Pronation and supination of forearm at radio-ulnar joint

Question 3

Function of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 3

Flexion and pronation

Question 4

Muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm

Answer 4

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

Question 5

Deepest muscles of the anterior compartment

Answer 5

• Flexor pollicis longus
• Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 6

Function of the flexor pollicis longus

Answer 6

Flexion of pollicis (thumb)

Question 7

Function of flexor digitum profundus

Answer 7

Flexion of digits (fingers) at every joint

Question 8

Function of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 8

Flexion of digits (fingers) at proximal joints

Question 9

3 muscles responsible for wrist flexion

Answer 9

• Flexor carpi radialis
• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Palmaris longus

Question 10

Define Dupuytren’s contracture

Answer 10

Fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis

Question 11

4 muscles that attach at the medial epicondyle

Answer 11

• Pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 12

Function of posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 12

Extension and supination

Question 13

Innervation of posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 13

Radial nerve

Question 14

Function of supinator muscle

Answer 14

Supination of forearm

Question 15

Function of extensor pollicis longus

Answer 15

Extension of thumb at every joint

Question 16

Function of extensor indicis

Answer 16

Extension of index finger

Question 17

Function of extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 17

Extension of thumb at proximal joints

Question 18

Function of extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 18

Extension of wrist

Question 19

Function of extensor digitorum

Answer 19

Extension of digits at every joint

Question 20

Function of extensor digiti minimi

Answer 20

Extension of “pinky” little finger

Question 21

What are the tendons of the wrist enclosed by

Answer 21

Synovial tendon sheaths

Question 22

2 extensor carpi radialis muscles

Answer 22

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 23

Common attachment for posterior compartment forearm muscles

Answer 23

Lateral epicondyle

Question 24

Define golfer’s elbow

Answer 24

Inflammation of the medial epicondyle

Question 25

Define tennis elbow

Answer 25

Inflammation of the lateral epicondyle

Question 26

What does the median nerve innervate for the forearm

Answer 26

All flexor muscles except: * Carpi ulnaris * 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 27

What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm

Answer 27

1 and 1/2 flexors that were not innervated by the median nerve * 1/2 flexor digitorum profondus * Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 28

Spinal level of median nerve

Answer 28

C5 - T1

Question 29

Spinal level of ulnar nerve

Answer 29

C8 - T1

Question 30

Muscles innervated by radial nerve in forearm

Answer 30

Extensor muscles

Question 31

Spinal level of radial nerve

Answer 31

C5 - T1

Question 32

Nerve for cutaneous innervation of lateral forearm

Answer 32

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 33

Spinal level of musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 33

C5, 6

Question 34

Origin and insertion of pronators (teres and quadratus)

Answer 34

Origin = medial epicondyle or ulna Insertion = radius

Question 35

Main action of pronators (teres and quadratus)

Answer 35

Pronation of forearm

Question 36

Innervation of pronators (teres and quadratus)

Answer 36

Median nerve

Question 37

Origin and insertion of flexors (digitorum profondus, superficialis, pollicis longus, carpi radialis and carpi ulnaris) and palmaris longus

Answer 37

Origin = medial epicondule, radius or ulna Insertion = digits, thumb, wrist or palm

Question 38

Main action(s) of flexors (digitorum profondus, superficialis, pollicis longus, carpi radialis and carpi ulnaris) and palmaris longus

Answer 38

Flexion of digits, thumb or wrist

Question 39

Innervation of flexors (digitorum profondus, superficialis, pollicis longus, carpi radialis and carpi ulnaris) and palmaris longus

Answer 39

Median or ulnar nerve

Question 40

Origin and insertion of Extensors (pollicis longus, brevis, indicis, digitorum, digiti minimi, carpi radialis and carpi ulnaris)

Answer 40

Origin = radius, ulna or lateral epicondyle Insertion = Thumb, index, digits, little finger or wrist

Question 41

Main action(s) of Extensors (pollicis longus, brevis, indicis, digitorum, digiti minimi, carpi radialis and carpi ulnaris)

Answer 41

Extension of thumb, index, digits or wrist

Question 42

Innervation of Extensors (pollicis longus, brevis, indicis, digitorum, digiti minimi, carpi radialis and carpi ulnaris)

Answer 42

Radial nerve

Question 43

Origin and insertion of supinator muscle

Answer 43

Origin = lateral epicondyle Insertion = radius

Question 44

Main action of supinator muscle

Answer 44

Supination of forearm

Question 45

Innervation of supinator muscle

Answer 45

Radial nerve

Question 46

Identify to bones of the carpus

Answer 46

Mnemonic = **S**o **L**ong **T**he **P**inky, **H**ere **C**omes **T**he **T**humb 1. Scaphoid 2. Lunate 3. Triquetrum 4. Pisiform 5. Hamate 6. Capitate 7. Trapezoid 8. Trapezium

Question 47

Function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

Answer 47

Major ligamentous stabilizer of the radioulnar joint and the carpal bones

Question 48

Describe the deformity of the wrist in the event of Cole's fracture of radius

Answer 48

Dinner fork deformity

Question 49

2 fractures that can occur when falling on wrist

Answer 49

Cole's fracture of radius Fracture of scaphoid bone

Question 50

Potential consequence of fracturing scaphoid bone

Answer 50

Avascular necrosis (10 - 15%) in proximal part of scaphoid bone since fracture can prevent blood supply carried by small branches of radial artery