Andro Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
What is a hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls that acts as a temporary reservoir for urine and connects to ureters and urethra?
A
Urinary bladder
2
Q
What forms the trigone?
A
Two ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice
3
Q
What do the two ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice form?
A
Trigone
4
Q
What are the ureteric orifices?
A
Openings for ureters into urinary bladder
5
Q
What are the openings for the ureters into the urinary bladder?
A
Ureteric orifices
6
Q
What is the internal urethral orifice?
A
Opening for the urethra in neck of urinary bladder
7
Q
What is the opening for the urethra in the neck of the urinary bladder?
A
Internal urethral orifice
8
Q
What is the interureteric fold?
A
Superior limit of trigone
Joins the two ureteric openings
9
Q
What is the superior limit of the trigone that joins the two ureteric openings?
A
Interureteric fold
10
Q
What is the uvula of the urinary bladder?
A
Swelling in the posterior wall of urinary bladder at internal urethral orifice
11
Q
What is the swelling in the posterior wall of urinary bladder at internal urethral orifice?
A
Uvula of urinary bladder
12
Q
What is the fundus of the urinary bladder?
A
Posterior, part farthest away from internal urethral orifice
13
Q
What is the posterior part of the urinary bladder that is farthest away from internal urethral orifice?
A
Fundus
14
Q
Where is the involuntary internal sphincter of the urinary bladder?
A
In the walls of the neck of urinary bladder
15
Q
What is the detrusor m?
A
Primary component of wall of urinary bladder
16
Q
What is the primary component of the wall of the urinary bladder?
A
Detrusor m
17
Q
What is vesical fascia?
A
Loose connective tissue surrounding the detrusor m
18
Q
What is the loose connective tissue surrounding the detrusor m?
A
Vesical fascia
19
Q
What is the male urethra?
A
Conveyance of urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice at glans penis
20
Q
What conveys urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice at glans penis?
A
Male urethra
21
Q
Where is the preprostatic urethra?
A
In the neck of the urinary bladder
22
Q
What part of the urethra is in the neck of the urinary bladder?
A
Preprostatic urethra
23
Q
Where is the prostatic urethra, and what does it communicate with?
A
In the prostate gland
Communicates with prostatic utricle and ejaculatory duct
24
Q
What is in the prostate gland and communicates with the prostatic utricle and ejaculatory duct?
A
Prostatic urethra
25
What is the urethral crest?
Median ridge that swells in the center of the prostate gland as the seminal colliculus
Surrounded on either side by prostatic sinus
26
What is the median ridge that swells in the center of the prostate gland as the seminal colliculus and is surrounded on either side by prostatic sinus?
Urethral crest
27
What is the prostatic sinus?
Space on either side of urethral crest and seminal colliculus
Accepts secretions from prostatic ductules
28
What is the space on either side of the urethral crest and seminal colliculus that accepts secretions from the prostatic ductules?
Prostatic sinus
29
What is the seminal colliculus?
Rounded mound on urethral crest
| Possesses three slit-like openings
30
What is the rounded mound on the urethral crest that possesses three slit-like openings?
Seminal colliculus
31
What is the prostatic utricle?
Small blind-ended pouch in the seminal colliculus
32
What is the small blind-ended pouch in the seminal colliculus?
Prostatic utricle
33
The prostatic utricle is the embryological remnant of what?
Uterovaginal canal
34
What is the embryological remnant of the uterovaginal canal?
Prostatic utricle
35
The prostatic sinus has openings for ___, while the seminal colliculus has openings for ___
Prostatic ductules
| Ejaculatory ducts
36
Where is the membranous urethra?
Through external urethral sphincter
| Short
37
What part of the urethra goes through the external urethral sphincter?
Membranous urethra
38
Where is the spongy urethra?
Inside Corpus spongiosum
39
What part of the urethra does the corpus spongiosum contain?
Spongy urethra
40
What is the intrabulbar fossa?
Internal expansion of spongy urethra in bulb of penis
| Receives secretions from the bulbourethral glands
41
What is the internal expansion of the spongy urethra in the bulb of penis that receives secretions from bulbourethral glands?
Intrabulbar fossa
42
What is the navicular fossa?
Internal expansion of spongy urethra in glans penis
43
What is the internal expansion of spongy urethra in glans penis?
Navicular fossa
44
What are the urethral glands?
Mucus-secreting glands that empty directly into spongy urethra
45
What are the mucus-secreting glands that empty directly into the spongy urethra?
Urethral glands
46
Describe the female urethra
Conveyance of urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice in vestibule of vagina
47
What conveys urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice in vestibule of vagina?
Female urethra
48
Describe the paraurethral glands
Homologous to prostate gland
| Secretions are conveyed via a common duct to area near external urethral orifice
49
What female glands are homologous to the male prostate gland and has secretions that are conveyed via a common duct to area near external urethral orifice?
Paraurethral glands
50
What is the penile raphe?
Midline skin fold between glans penis and scrotum
51
What is the midline skin fold between glans penis and scrotum?
Penile raphe
52
What is the scrotal raphe?
Midline skin fold between penile raphe and perineal raphe
53
What is the midline skin fold between penile raphe and perineal raphe?
Scrotal raphe
54
What is the perineal raphe?
Midline skin fold between scrotal raphe and anus
55
What is the midline skin fold between scrotal raphe and anus?
Perineal raphe
56
What does the spermatic cord do?
Suspends testis in scrotum
Contains ductus deferens, testicular a., artery of ductus deferens, cremasteric a., pampiniform plexus (of veins), sympathetic nerve fibers, and genital branch of genitofemoral n.
57
What suspends the testis in the scrotum and contains ductus deferenes, testicular a., a. Of ductus deferens, cremasteric a., pampiniform plexus (of veins), sympathetic nerve fibers, and genital branch of genitofemoral n.?
Spermatic cord
58
Describe the urinary bladder
Hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls
Temporary reservoir for urine
Connects to ureters and urethra
59
What is the ductus deferens?
Muscular tube that conveys sperm
60
What is the muscular tube that conveys sperm?
Ductus deferens
61
what is the ductus deferens a continuation of?
Duct of epididymus
62
The duct of epididymis continues as what?
Ductus deferens
63
Describe the path of the ductus deferens
Begins at the epididymus, travels through inguinal canal as part of spermatic cord, enters pelvis, swells to ampulla of ductus deferens, and joins with ducts of seminal vesicles, posterior to urinary bladder to form ejaculatory ducts
64
What is the ampulla of ductus deferens?
Part of duct closest to ejaculatory ducts
65
What part of ductus deferens is closest to ejaculatory ducts?
Ampulla
66
What is deferentectomy/vasectomy?
Ligation and/or excision of ductus deferens through incision made in superior scrotum, thereby rendering resultant ejaculant devoid of spermatozoa
67
The testicular artery is from ___ and supplies the ___ and ____
Aorta
Testis
Epididymis
68
What supplies the testis and epididymis?
Testicular artery
69
What does the pampiniform plexus of veins do?
Drains into testicular vein
70
What drains into the testicular vein?
Pampiniform plexus of veins
71
Where do the lymphatics of the spermatic cord drain into?
Lumbar lymph nodes
72
Where does the artery of the ductus deferens come from, and what does it supply?
Inferior vesical artery
| Ductus deferens
73
Where does the cremasteric artery come from, and what does it supply?
Inferior epigastric artery
| Cremasteric m.
74
What does the ilioinguinal nerve produce?
Anterior scrotal nerve
75
What produces the anterior scrotal nerve?
Ilioinguinal nerve
76
Describe layers of the scrotum
Skin
Dartos fascia
Dartos muscle
77
Describe the skin of the scrotum
Rugose, pigmented
78
Describe the dartos fascia
Associated with layer of smooth muscle that inserts onto skin, giving the scrotum a wrinkled appearance
79
What is Dartos fascia derived from?
Membranous superficial fascia
80
Describe Dartos muscle
Smooth muscle fibers associated with Dartos fascia, inserting onto skin
81
Describe the layers of spermatic cord (superficial to deep)
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
82
What is external spermatic fascia derived from?
External oblique muscle aponeurosis
83
What is cremasteric fascia derived from?
Internal oblique muscle aponeurosis
84
What are cremaster m?
Thin slips of muscle of cremasteric fascia
85
What is cremaster muscle derived from?
Internal oblique muscle
86
What does cremaster muscle do?
Reflexively draws testis superiorly to produce optimal temperature for spermatogenesis
87
What muscle reflexively draws testis superiorly to produce optimal temperature for spermatogenesis?
Cremaster m
88
What is cremaster muscle innervated by?
Genital branch of genitofemoral n
89
What is internal spermatic fascia derived from?
Transversalis fascia
90
Describe the layers of the testis
```
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral)
Tunica albuginea
```
91
What is tunic vaginalis?
Double layered, closed peritoneal sac covering testis and epididymis
92
What is the double layered, closed peritoneal sac covering the testis and epididymis?
Tunica vaginalis
93
Describe parietal tunica vaginalis
Adherent to internal spermatic fascia
| Derived from parietal peritoneum
94
What is adherent to internal spermatic fascia and is derived fomr parietal peritoneum?
Parietal tunica vaginalis
95
Describe visceral tunica vaginalis
Adherent to tunica albuginea
| Derived form visceral peritoneum
96
What is adherent to tunica albuginea and is derived from visceral peritoneum?
Visceral tunica vaginalis
97
What is the sinus of the epididymis?
Small recessed slit in visceral tunica vaginalis between epididymis and testis
98
What is the small recessed slit in the visceral tunica vaginalis between the epididymis and testis?
Sinus of the epididymis
99
Describe the tunica albuginea
Tough, fibrous coat adherent to testis
100
What is the tough, fibrous coat adherent to testis?
Tunica albuginea
101
Describe the testis
Ovoid organ suspended from spermatic cord in scrotum
| Produces spermatozoa
102
What is the ovoid organ suspended from spermatic cord in scrotum that produces spermatozoa?
Testis
103
What are the seminiferous tubules?
Site of spermatozoa formation
104
What is the site for spermatozoa formation?
Seminiferous tubules
105
What does the straight tubule do?
Transfers spermatozoa to rete testis
106
What transfers spermatozoa to rete testis?
Straight tubule
107
What is rete testis?
Sinusoidal spaces where spermatozoa enter efferent ductules of epididymis
108
What are the sinusoidal spaces where spermatozoa enter efferent ductules of epididymis?
Rete testis
109
What does the septum of the testis separate?
Lobular formations of seminiferous and straight tubules
110
Describe the epididymis
Rests on posterior testis
Tightly packed convoluted duct of epididymis that tapers off to a single deferent duct
Stores spermatozoa
111
What rests on the posterior testis and stores spermatozoa?
Epididymis
112
Describe the head of the epididymis
Most superior and largest region
| Formed by tightly coiled ends of several efferent ductules
113
What part of the epididymis is formed by tightly coiled ends of several efferent ductules?
Head
114
Describe the body of the epididymis
Longest portion
Between head and tail
Convoluted duct of epididymis
115
Which part of the epididymis is the convoluted duct?
Body
116
Describe the tail of the epididymis
Tapering region between body and ductus deferens
117
What part of the epididymis is the tapering region?
Tail
118
What do the efferent ductules do?
Transfer spermatozoa from rete testis to head and body of epididymis
119
What transfers spermatozoa from rete testis to head and body of epididymis?
Efferent ductules
120
Describe the deep fascia of the penis
Surrounds erectile tissue and deep vasculature
| Made of deep perineal fascia
121
What surrounds the erectile tissue and deep vasculature and is made of deep perineal fascia?
Deep fascia of penis
122
Describe the regional organization of the penis
Root
Body
Glans penis
123
Describe the root of the penis
Attached
| Includes bulb and crura of penis, bulbospongiosus m, ischiocavernosus m
124
What region of the penis is attached and includes the bulb and crura of penis, bulbospongiosus m, and inschiocavernosus m?
Root of penis
125
Describe the body of the penis
Free
| Includes connective tissue, paired corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and spongy urethra
126
What region of the penis is free and includes connective tissue, paired corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and spongy urethra?
Body of penis
127
Describe glans penis
Distal conical expansion
| Continuous with corpus spongiosum proximally
128
What region of the penis is the distal conical expansion and is continuous with corpus spongiosum proximally?
Glans penis
129
Describe the ventral, unpaired cylinder of penile erectile tissue from proximal to distal
Bulb of penis
Corpus spongiosum
Glans penis
130
Describe the bulb of penis
Erectile tissue at root of penis
| Continuous with corpus spongiosum
131
What is the erectile tissue at the root of the penis that is continuous with the corpus spongiosum?
Bulb of penis
132
Describe corpus spongiosum
Ventrally positioned erectile tissue
| Transmits spongy urethra
133
What is ventrally positioned erectile tissue that transmits spongy urethra?
Corpus spongiosum
134
Describe corona of glans penis
Margin of glans penis that projects proximally over corpora cavernosa
135
What is the margin of the glans penis that projects proximally over corpora cavernosa?
Corona of glans penis
136
What is the neck of glans penis?
Separation of body and glans penis
137
What is the separation between body and glans penis?
Neck of glans penis
138
Describe the paired, dorsal cylinders of penile erectile tissue, from proximal to distal
Crura of penis
| Corpora cavernosa
139
What are crura of penis?
Erectile tissue associated proximally with corresponding inferior pubic ramus
Continuous with corpora cavernosa
140
What are the erectile tissue associated proximally with corresponding inferior pubic ramus and are continuous with the two corpora cavernosa?
Crura of penis
141
Describe corpora cavernosa
Paired erectile tissue
| Houses paired deep arteries of penis
142
What are the paired erectile tissue that houses the paired deep arteries of the penis?
Corpora cavernosa
143
What is the external urethra orifice?
Exit point of urethra at tip of glans penis
144
What is the exit point of the urethra at tip of glans penis?
External urethral orifice
145
What is the prepuce?
Skin and fascia of penis that covers the glans penis
146
What is the skin and fascia of penis that covers glans penis?
Prepuce
147
What is the frenulum?
Ventrally located median fold on prepuce
148
What is the ventrally located median fold of the prepuce?
Frenulum
149
Describe the prostate gland
Unpaired, largest accessory gland of male reproductive system
Produces prostatic fluid
Has anterior lobe, posterior lob, two lateral lobes, and middle lobe
150
Prostatic fluid makes up __% of seminal fluid
20
151
What makes up 20% of seminal fluid?
Prostatic fluid
152
What do the prostatic ducts do?
Convey prostatic fluid from parenchyma of gland to prostatic sinus
153
What conveys prostatic fluid from parenchyma of gland to prostatic sinus?
Prostatic ducts
154
Describe enlargement of prostate gland
Occurs with increasing age and can impinge on prostatic urethra, impeding urination
155
What is the unpaired, largest accessory gland of male reproduction system?
Prostate gland
156
Describe the seminal vesicles
Paired, elongated structures between urinary bladder and rectum
157
What are paired, elongated structures between urinary bladder and rectum?
Seminal vesicles
158
What do seminal vesicles secrete?
Alkaline fluid, which becomes part of ejaculatory semen
159
What secretes alkaline fluid that becomes part of ejaculatory semen?
Seminal vesicles
160
What does the duct of seminal vesicle do?
Conveys secretions of seminal vesicle to ejaculatory duct
161
What conveys secretions of seminal vesicle to ejaculatory duct?
Duct of seminal vesicle
162
Describe the pathway of the ejaculatory ducts
Begin at union of ampulla of ductus deferens and ducts of seminal vesicle
Near the neck of urinary bladder
Converge immediately proximal to prostatic urethra
Empty into prostatic urethra through paired opening on seminal colliculus on either side of prostatic utricle
163
What are the bulbourethral glands
Pea-sized glands positioned posterolateral to membranous urethra
164
What are pea-sized glands positioned posterolateral to membranous urethra?
Bulbourethral glands
165
What do bulbourethral glands produce?
Mucus-like substance during sexual arousal
166
What produces mucus-like substance during sexual arousal?
Bulbourethral glands
167
What does the duct of bulbourethral glands do?
Conveys bulbourethral secretions to intrabulbar fossa of spongy urethra
168
What conveys bulbourethral secretions to intrabulbar fossa of spongy urethra?
Duct of bulbourethral gland
