Anemia

Question 1

What are the three main functions of blood?

Answer 1

Transportation, Regulation, Protection

Question 2

What is the blood volume in males and females?

Answer 2

Males: 5–6 liters, Females: 4–5 liters

Question 3

What are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 3

Living cells

Question 4

What is the non-living matrix in blood?

Answer 4

Plasma

Question 5

What are the three main proteins in blood plasma?

Answer 5

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Question 6

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 6

Binds and transports O2 from lungs to tissues

Question 7

What are the iron-related components in erythrocytes?

Answer 7

Iron, transferrin, ferritin

Question 8

What is the function of leukocytes?

Answer 8

Protect the body from infectious microorganisms

Question 9

What is diapedesis?

Answer 9

Circulating leukocytes leaving the capillaries

Question 10

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 10

Leukocytes attracted to chemicals from immune system or bacteria

Question 11

What are the two types of leukocytes?

Answer 11

Granulocytes, Agranulocytes

Question 12

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 12

Phagocytize and destroy bacteria

Question 13

What is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 13

React to allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Question 14

What do basophils secrete?

Answer 14

Histamines

Question 15

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 15

Act against specific foreign molecules (antigens)

Question 16

What is the role of T cells?

Answer 16

Attack foreign cells directly

Question 17

What is the role of B cells?

Answer 17

Become plasma cells and secrete antibodies

Question 18

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 18

Process by which blood cells are formed

Question 19

Where is red bone marrow found?

Answer 19

Within all bones, actively generates new blood cells

Question 20

What is anemia?

Answer 20

Low erythrocyte levels or hemoglobin concentrations

Question 21

What is microcytic anemia?

Answer 21

Small cell size

Question 22

What is macrocytic anemia?

Answer 22

Large cell size

Question 23

What is normocytic anemia?

Answer 23

Normal size, inadequate number

Question 24

What is normochromia?

Answer 24

Normal color and Hgb level

Question 25

What is hypochromia?

Answer 25

Pale color, low Hgb level

Question 26

What causes iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 26

Iron deficiency

Question 27

What causes megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 27

Folic acid or B12 deficiency

Question 28

What dietary elements help manage IDA?

Answer 28

Iron, Copper, Vitamin C, Protein

Question 29

What is the best form of iron supplement?

Answer 29

Ferrous salts (sulfate, lactate, fumarate)

Question 30

What dietary management is needed for siderotic anemia?

Answer 30

Vitamin B6

Question 31

What are symptoms of megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 31

Glossitis, large nucleated RBCs

Question 32

What causes pernicious anemia?

Answer 32

Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor

Question 33

What vitamin is essential for hemolytic anemia?

Answer 33

Vitamin E

Question 34

What nutrients are needed in hemorrhagic anemia?

Answer 34

Vitamin K, Calcium

Question 35

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Answer 35

Defective hemoglobin molecule

Question 36

What should be avoided in sickle cell anemia?

Answer 36

Iron-rich foods, alcohol, vitamin C

Question 37

What is hemochromatosis?

Answer 37

Genetic iron overload condition

Question 38

What is the treatment for hemochromatosis?

Answer 38

Regular phlebotomy, avoiding iron sources

Question 39

What is thalassemia?

Answer 39

Defective globin formation, leading to iron buildup

Question 40

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 40

Low platelet concentration

Question 41

What are universal blood donor and recipient types?

Answer 41

Donor: O, Recipient: AB

Question 42

What is erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 42

Mother's Rh- antibodies destroy Rh+ fetal cells