Cancer and HIV Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a tumor?
A new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass with no function; a neoplasm.
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign tumors do not spread; malignant tumors can spread and form secondary tumors.
What are the three stages of cancer formation?
Initiation, Promotion, Progression.
What is angiogenesis in cancer?
The recruitment of blood vessels by a tumor to support its growth.
What is metastasis?
The spread of tumor cells from the primary site to distant organs.
Name one common distant site for breast adenocarcinoma metastasis.
Bone, brain, or adrenal.
What dietary factors can promote cancer?
High fat diet, aflatoxins, nitrosamines, benzopyrene, acrylamide.
What dietary factors can help prevent cancer?
Fruits, vegetables, vitamins A, C, E, selenium, zinc.
What is cachexia?
A condition of weight loss, anorexia, and anemia associated with cancer.
What are the dietary recommendations for cancer patients?
High kcal, high protein, vitamin/mineral supplements, tube feeding if necessary.
What is the main goal of cancer nutrition therapy?
Prevent malnutrition, maintain weight, and support treatment.
What is HIV?
A virus that targets the immune system and destroys CD4 cells.
What is AIDS?
The final stage of HIV, preventing the body from fighting infections.
What are the 4 bodily fluids that can transmit HIV?
Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk.
What cells are affected by HIV?
T helper cells (CD4).
Name one early symptom of HIV.
Fever, weight loss, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms.
What are common nutritional symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, poor absorption.
What foods help manage diarrhea in HIV/AIDS?
Bananas, applesauce, rice, low-fat foods.
What is the diet rationale for high protein and calorie intake in HIV/AIDS?
To support the catabolic effects of disease.
Why are vitamins A, D, E, and K supplemented in HIV/AIDS?
To address malabsorption issues.
What food safety practices are important for HIV patients?
Wash hands, cook food well, wash fruits/vegetables, use filtered water.
What is parenteral nutrition used for?
To meet nutritional needs when oral intake is not possible.
What is the purpose of blenderized feeding?
To provide nutrition in cases where patients can’t eat solid food.
