Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
To deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove carbon dioxide and waste products.
Where is the heart located?
Between the lungs, with the apex pointing toward the left hip.
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium (outer), Myocardium (middle), Endocardium (inner).
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricle, Left ventricle.
What are the atrioventricular valves?
Bicuspid (left) and Tricuspid (right) valves.
What are the semilunar valves?
Pulmonary semilunar and Aortic semilunar valves.
What are the great vessels associated with the heart?
Aorta, Pulmonary arteries, Vena cava, Pulmonary veins.
What is coronary circulation?
The heart’s own blood supply system via coronary arteries and cardiac veins.
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node.
What is cardiac output (CO)?
Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute (CO = HR x SV).
What factors increase heart rate?
Sympathetic nervous system, low blood pressure, epinephrine, thyroxine, exercise.
What factors decrease heart rate?
Parasympathetic nervous system, high blood pressure or blood volume.
What are the five types of blood vessels?
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins.
What are capillary beds composed of?
Vascular shunt and true capillaries.
What happens in true capillaries?
Exchange of oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide/waste to blood.
