Anesthesia

Question 1

Desflurane

Answer 1

inhaled anesthesia

depresses respiratory system and bronchodilators

rapidly changed with concentration and rapid elimination by exhalation

MOA: some facilitate GABA and others antagonize excitatory action of glutamic acid

Question 2

Isoflurane

Answer 2

inhaled anesthesia

depresses respiratory system and bronchodilators

rapidly changed with concentration

MOA: some facilitate GABA and others antagonize excitatory action of glutamic acid

Question 3

Sevoflurane

Answer 3

inhaled anesthesia

depresses respiratory system and bronchodilators

rapidly changed with concentration

MOA: some facilitate GABA and others antagonize excitatory action of glutamic acid

Question 4

Nitrous Oxide

Answer 4

inhaled anesthesia

depresses respiratory system and bronchodilators

rapidly changed with concentration

MOA: some facilitate GABA and others antagonize excitatory action of glutamic acid

Question 5

Barbiturates, BZD, Opioids, Etomidate, Ketamine, Propofol

Answer 5

Intravenous Anesthetic: rapid induction of anesthesia + maintained with inhalation

only unbound, lipid-soluble, and non-ionized can enter brain

Question 6

Preanesthetic Meds (6)

Answer 6

facilitate smooth induction of anesthesia and can decrease dose of anesthetic

Antacids

Anticholinergics: prevent bradycardia + secretion of fluids into respiratory tract

Antiemetics: anti-nausea

Antihistamines: allergies

BZD: anxiety and amnesia
Opioids: analgesia

H2 Blockers: decrease gastric acidity (Famotidine/Ranitidine)

Question 7

Local Anesthetics

Answer 7

target sodium channels in axon and bind to receptors to alter depolarization and increases recovery time

blocks information transfer about painful stimuli from point of stimulus to spinal column

Question 8

Esters Local Anesthetics (6)

more allergic reactions

Answer 8

Articaine

Benoxinate: least allergic reaction, only with sodium fluorescein and less corneal desquamation

Procaine

Proparacaine

Tetracaine: may inhibit sulfonamides and gel (minor sx)

Cocaine: adrenergic agonist and alpha agonist to vasoconstriction

• commercially for otolaryngologic purpose
• avoid in HTN

Question 9

Amides Local Anesthetics (3)

Answer 9

Bupivacaine

Lidocaine

Mepivacaine