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Systemic Pharm II > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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2
Q

H. Pylori Infection Dx

A

urea breath or biopsy

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3
Q

Bismuth Compounds (Peptobismol)

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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4
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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5
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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6
Q

Tetracycline

A

Antimicrobial Agent: mainly used for a H.pylori infection that causes a peptic ulcer
- not used alone because of resistance so combination with PPI is common

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7
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain

inhibits CP450 - increases warfarin

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8
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain
  • most potent
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9
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain
  • no liver metabolism so 100% bioavailable
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10
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 Blocker: blocks the binding of histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion

  • Peptic Ulcers, Acute Stress Ulcers, GERD
  • AE: HA, dizzy, muscular pain
  • longer acting, more potent than cimetidine and current FDA voluntary recall (found NMDA)
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11
Q

Dicyclomine

A

antimuscarinic agent

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12
Q
  • PRAZOLE
  • class?
  • used for?
  • AE?
  • what are they?
A

Proton Pump Inhibitor: bind to proton pump to inhibit H+ secretion and decreases gastric acid

  • if no h. pylori infection, use these drugs!!
  • # 1 choice for stress ulcers and prophylaxis of heartburn
  • Tx: erosive esophagitis, active duodenal ulcer, hypersecretory conditions (chronically), and GERD

AE: HA, N, D, long term use may lead to fractures

Prodrugs: have acid-resistant enteric coat, absorbed in duodenum and transported to parietal cells to active form
- CANNOT take with drugs that decrease acid because it will decrease the conversion to active drug metabolites

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13
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin E Analog that will treat ulcers produced by NSAID use
- Contraindicated in pregnancy because it causes uterine contractions and dislodging in fetus

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14
Q

PGE

A

produced by the gastric mucosa to inhibit HCI secretion and stimulate mucus/bicarbonate production

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15
Q

Omeprazole

A

interferes with warfarin

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16
Q

Antacids

A

weak bases that react with gastric acid to form water and salts and decreases pepsin activity (inactivates when pH is less than 4)

better on full stomach

symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease + GERD

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17
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A

antacid

AE: constipation

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18
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

Antacid

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19
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A

Antacid

AE: diarrhea

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20
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Antacid

AE: systemic alkalosis

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21
Q

Mucusal Protective Agent (MPA)

A

prevent mucosal injury, decrease inflammation and help heal ulcers

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22
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

Antimicrobial actions (inhibit growth), inhibit pepsin, increase mucus secretion, coat and protect ulcer crater

MPA

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23
Q

Sucralfate

  • what does it do
  • tx?
  • need?
A

MPA

complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose that forms gel with epithelial cells to cover injury and impairs HCI diffusion

stimulates prostaglandin secretion

NOT GIVEN WITH PPI, H2 BLOCKER, ANTACIDS because it needs an acidic environment to work with

Tx: stress-related gastritis

24
Q

5 Primary Inputs of Nausea/Vomit

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ): in area postrema outside of BBB
- DA/5HT/Neurokinin-1/Opioid Receptors

Pharynx: Vagus Nerve (gag reflex)

Vestibular Apparatus (inner ear): Motion Sickness
- Histamine and Muscarinic Receptors

GI Tract
- 5HT Receptors

Cerebral Cortex: Psychological
- reaction from stress, anticipation, psychiatric disorders

25
Prochlorperazine
Anti-psychotic DA Antagonist that blocks DA/Histamine/Muscarinic at CTZ - effective against mild/low emetogenic agents AE: sedation, hypotension, EPS
26
Promethazine
Anti-Histamine DA Antagonist that blocks DA/Histamine/Muscarinic at CTZ - effective against mild/low emetogenic agents AE: sedation, hypotension, EPS
27
Haloperidol
DA Antagonist AE: prolongs QT interval which leads to arrhythmias last choice drug
28
Droperidol
DA Antagonist AE: prolongs QT interval which leads to arrhythmias last choice drug
29
Metoclopramide
DA Antagonist AE: sedation, Diarrhea, EPS
30
-SETRON
5-HT3 (5HT Antagonists) effective against all agents + from GI but NOT motion sickness AE: HA and prolongs QT interval
31
Aprepitant
Substance P / Neurokinin-1 Blocker can work alone but usually with dexmethasone and palonesetron AE: constipation and fatigue very effective with high emetogenic agents
32
Dexamethasone
corticosteroid combos are common and may involve blockage of prostaglandin
33
Methylprednisolone
Corticosteroid
34
Dronabinol
THC derivative binds to CNS cannabinoids receptors
35
Aprazolam
BZD - has low antiemetic potency and effectiveness mainly from sedative properties - good for anticipatory vomit
36
Lorazepam
BZD - has low antiemetic potency and effectiveness mainly from sedative properties - good for anticipatory vomit
37
Diarrhea
caused by increase in motility in GI and decreased absorption of fluid
38
Diphenoxylate
Anti-motility agent - opioid-like actions in gut that decrease Ach release and peristalsis - lacks analgesic effect prolonged use can lead to dependence
39
Loperamide
Anti-motility agent - opioid-like actions in gut that decrease Ach release and peristalsis - lacks analgesic effect prolonged use can lead to dependence
40
Aluminum Hydroxide
Adsorbent: molecules adhere to surface to treat diarrhea - adsorb intestinal toxins and or coating the intestinal mucosa - can interfere with absorption of other drugs AND Antacid: causes constipation
41
Methylcellulose
Adsorbent: molecules adhere to surface - adsorb intestinal toxins and or coating the intestinal mucosa - can interfere with absorption of other drugs AND Bulk Laxative: form gel with intestine to increase water retention and peristalsis
42
Bismuth Subsalicylate
Fluid/Electrolyte Transport - decreases fluid secretion to treat diarrhea Antimicrobial Agent (h.pylori infection) MPA: inhibit pepsin activity and increase mucus secretion
43
Laxative
increases movement of food through GI which can decrease effect of drugs - cause electrolyte imbalance and potential for dependency (except lubipristone)
44
Bisacodyl
stimulates colon and can cause cramping | - do not use with meds that increase gastric pH because if it dissolves in stomach = pain
45
Castor Oil
irritates stomach and increases peristalsis - avoid in pregnancy because it stimulates pregnancy
46
Senna
stimulant that causes bowel evacuation and electrolyte secretion to treat constipation
47
Docusate
stool softener mainly for prevention of constipation
48
Glycerin Suppositories
lubricant laxative for constipation
49
Mineral Oil
lubricant laxative for constipation
50
Methylcellulose
Bulk Laxative that forms gel in large intestines to cause water retention and intestinal distention - increases peristalsis
51
Psyllium
Bulk Laxative that forms gel in large intestines to cause water retention and intestinal distention - increases peristalsis
52
Magnesium Citrate
Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis Saline and Osmotic Laxative
53
Magnesium Hydroxide
Saline and Osmotic Laxative - Treat Constipation -Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis AND Antacid: causes diarrhea
54
Polyethylene Glycol
Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis Saline and Osmotic Laxative
55
Lactulose
Nonabsorbable salts/electrolytes to hold water in intestine via osmosis Saline and Osmotic Laxative
56
Lubiprostone
``` Chloride Channel Activator - increase fluid secretion in intestinal lumen - less change in electrolytes - used chronically bc no dependence - minimal drug interactions AE: nausea ```

Systemic Pharm II (17 decks)

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