anesthesia and sedation

Question 1

IV anesthesia is safely used for up to?

Answer 1

1 hour

Question 2

what are high risk factors for mortality during anesthesia

Answer 2

really young, really old, long surgeries

Question 3

what is the main thing to remember about anesthetizing a horse

Answer 3

never anesth an excited horse. give more sedative (xyla)

Question 4

most common arrhythmias

Answer 4

1st and 2nd degree AV block

Question 5

general patient prep before anesthesia

Answer 5

fast for 4-6 hours. rinse mouth out, ask about tying up history bc they usually need more sedation

Question 6

what are the A2s, and what do they do

Answer 6

xylazine and detomidine
sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia

Question 7

goal HR during anesth

Answer 7

> 20BPM

Question 8

why dont we reverse a2s

Answer 8

they jump up too fast, and its best to let it get up slowly

Question 9

what does the phenothiazines do (ace)

Answer 9

tranquilizes but does not sedate. NO analgesia, no ataxia

Question 10

what is the thing to remember about giving ace to a male horse

Answer 10

priaprism has been seen

Question 11

what is the best sedation combo

Answer 11

xyla + ketamine

or xyla + ace

Question 12

what effects do opioids have

Answer 12

alone- excitement
adjunct to A2s help with sedation and analgesia

Question 13

what are the three things we use for total IV anesthesia (TIVA)

Answer 13

ketamine/telazol
muscle relaxants
propofol

Question 14

route of ketamine

Answer 14

IV only

Question 15

what to remember about xyla + ketamine

Answer 15

apneustic breathing common, poor muscle relaxation, minor surgeries only

Question 16

what to remember about TKD

Answer 16

recumbency in 1 minute
should not be used alone for surgery

Question 17

what is our muscle relaxant

Answer 17

GG, does NOT do unconsciousness or analgesia

Benzos

Question 18

why do we use GG in anesth

Answer 18

allows you to use less of the other drugs

Question 19

what are the signs of GG overdose and about how much is getting close to an overdose

Answer 19

~3L
they start looking light, stiff, labored breathing, deep breaths

Question 20

why do we not use Propofol in the field often

Answer 20

it causes respiratory depression which can be tricky in the field

Question 21

what do we do to maintain anesthesia

Answer 21

give 1/3 to 1/2 of the X/K dose to effect, or add GG/K

Question 22

when can we use triple drip and what to remember

Answer 22

induction in foals, maintain anesthesia for 1 hour

need a large catheter, supplement O2

Question 23

what do we monitor in short procedures

Answer 23

digital pulse, CRT, observe RR

Question 24

what is a major sign the horse is getting light

Answer 24

increased RR or deep forceful breaths

Question 25

all recumbent horses are

Answer 25

hypoxic

Question 26

most injuries are during

Answer 26

recovery/induction

Question 27

what is the most common choice for a local block

Answer 27

2% lidocaine. lasts 1-2 hr

Question 28

when should we give the intratesticular lidocaine in castrations

Answer 28

after the first scrub so there is time for it to work.

Question 29

what is the most important motor block for the eye

Answer 29

facial n auriculopalpebral branch -- palpebral branch. 1-2ml

Question 30

what block is sensory to the upper eyelid

Answer 30

supraorbital n. branch of the trigeminal n

Question 31

blocking the rostral infraorbital n blocks what

Answer 31

upper lip and nose

Question 32

caudal infraorbital II blocks what

Answer 32

teeth to the 1st molar, sinus, skin to medial canthus

Question 33

what does the maxillary block

Answer 33

all upper teeth and nasal cavity

Question 34

what does mental I (rostral) block

Answer 34

lower lip

Question 35

what does mental II (caudal) block

Answer 35

lower incisors

Question 36

when do we give an epidural and what type

Answer 36

rectal, vaginal, perianal, urethra and bladder procedures caudal epi is most common because a LS can drop a horse

Question 37

what to remember about caudal epidural

Answer 37

same as cattle. 18g 1.5in needle. move tail to locate the correct space, easy, large volume could impair motor to hind limbs

Question 38

when would we use an epidural catheter

Answer 38

frequent dosing for fractures- pelvic, hindlimb-, septic joints

Question 39

what catheter do we use for caudal epidural

Answer 39

17g huber point directional needle with stylet

Question 40

what can we put in an epidural

Answer 40

A2, opioids, ketamine, lidocaine

Question 41

if you give an alpha 2 in an epidural what do you need to remember

Answer 41

it will act systemically

Question 42

how does an opioid epidural differ from other drugs

Answer 42

it causes analgesia with no risk of motor blockade. -- fracture comfort, mild systemic effects seen.

Question 43

should you use ketamine alone in an epidural

Answer 43

it provides poor visceral analgesia so combine it with lidocaine

Question 44

side effect of morphine specifically

Answer 44

local pruritis at the area of analgesia