onco

Question 1

what type o tumor is the most common

Answer 1

skin and sq

Question 2

what is the most common skin cancer

Answer 2

sarcoid. then squamous cell

Question 3

sarcoid cells often extend up to______ away from the tumor

Answer 3

2cm

Question 4

what are common differentials for a sarcoid

Answer 4

proud flesh, SCC, haebronemiasis, pythium

Question 5

pathogenesis of sarcoids

Answer 5

bovine papilloma virus- inactivates the p53 gene– apoptosis is turned off

Question 6

most common cancer of the globe and adnexal structures

Answer 6

SCC

Question 7

where do we commonly find SCC

Answer 7

eyes, genitalia, oropharynx

Question 8

fleshy cobblestoned mass. +- ulceration and proliferation

Answer 8

SCC

Question 9

pathogenesis of SCC

Answer 9

UV radiation on nonpigmented skin, older animals, Equine papilloma virus

Question 10

ocular SCC genetic predisposition

Answer 10

halfingers

Question 11

prevention of SCC

Answer 11

UV protection, genetic screeing

Question 12

80% of grey horses develop

Answer 12

melanomas

Question 13

why do grey horses get melanomas?

Answer 13

four genes associated with melanomas are found in the grey phenotype gene section

selecting for grey means selecting for melanoma

Question 14

where does melanomas like to met

Answer 14

local LN, abdominal cavity, brain and spinal cord

Question 15

if there is a grey horse with unblockable lameness what should you do

Answer 15

rectal for melanoma

Question 16

how to confirm lymphoma

Answer 16

biopsy with IHC PARR

Question 17

what can biopsy do/what can it not do

Answer 17

biopsy cannot transform benign lesions into malignant ones

it can excelerate proliferation

Question 18

what is usually affected first for metastatic neoplasia

Answer 18

local lymph nodes are generally affected first

Question 19

what test should you run if you diagnose lymphoma

Answer 19

IMHA, hypercalcemia, flow, PARR

Question 20

general treatment for lymphoma

Answer 20

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy

Question 21

most efficient way to eliminate the greatest number of cancer cells in lymphoma

Answer 21

surgical removal

Question 22

what tumors require 0.5cm margins

Answer 22

basal cell and mast cell

Question 23

what tumors require 1-2cm margins

Answer 23

sarcoids and fibrosarcomas

Question 24

what amount of tissue do you need for margins to be considered clean

Answer 24

at least 0.5cm of normal tissues on histopath

Question 25

what shape incision do you make and in what direction the the cleavage lines

Answer 25

make a fusiform incision parallel to the cleavage lines

Question 26

sum up cryotherapy

Answer 26

cheap but not always effective. needs multiple treatments

Question 27

when can you use CO2 laser

Answer 27

superficial disease only. only penetrates 0.03mm

Question 28

in general what do we do to lesions if they are large or if we did not acheive clean margins

Answer 28

adjunctive therapy. topical, chemo, immunotherapy

Question 29

what are common topical adjunctive therapies

Answer 29

5-FU, imiquimod

Question 30

adjunctive therapy that is proven effective for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 30

5-FU

Question 31

treatment for ocular SCC

Answer 31

mitomycin C ophthalmic ointment

Question 32

we use intratumoral chemo for what size lesion

Answer 32

<10cm post debulking

Question 33

what does intramural cisplatin cause

Answer 33

apoptosis of cells by cross linking with DNA

Question 34

BCG is used in what

Answer 34

clinically diagnosed sarcoids

Question 35

when is chemo indicated

Answer 35

blood tumors, metastatic cancer, nonsurgical solid tumors

Question 36

what is the goal of chemo

Answer 36

kill the largest amount of tumor ells without causing unacceptable tox in normal tissue

Question 37

how do steroids work on neoplasia

Answer 37

they induce the killing of hematopoetic cancer through apoptosis

Question 38

response to therapy is more likely to be acheived when

Answer 38

the tumor is small