Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Anesthetics > Flashcards

Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are GABAa receptor agonists?

A
  1. Benzodiazepines
  2. Propofol
  3. Steroids
  4. Inhalant anesthetics
  5. Barbiturates
  6. Etomidate
  7. Ethanol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the mechanism of GABAa receptor agonists.

A

They bind GABAa receptors which opens the Cl- channel , CL- influx hyperpolarizes the membrane. This enhances the effects of GABA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are GABAa receptors located?

A

In the postsynaptic CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are benzodiazepines used for?

A

A tranquilizer/sedative that is part of the induction protocol, used as anticonvulsant, appetite stimulant in cats, and central muscle relaxation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are benzodiazepines used as part of induction protocol?

A

Reduce adverse effects of dissociative anesthetics like ketamine and decreases the dose of other drugs like propofol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can you use benzodiazepines alone? Why/why not?

A

No, they are not dependable and can cause paradoxical excitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drugs are considered benzodiazepines?

A
  1. Diazepam (Valium)
  2. Midazolam (Versed)
  3. Zolazepam (Telazol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between tranquilizers and sedatives?

A

Tranquilizers calm without sedation, meaning the patient may override drug effect. Sedatives calm by sedating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drugs are considered minor tranquilizers?

A

Benzodiazepines like Diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs are considered major tranquilizers?

A
  1. Phenothiazines like acepromazine

2. Butyrophenones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drugs are considered alpha 2 adrenergic agonist that are sedative analgesics?

A
  1. Xylazine
  2. Medetomidine
  3. Dexmedetomidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drugs are considered alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist?

A

Reversal agents like atipamezole (antisedan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which drugs are considered opioid analgesics? 1

A
  1. Agonists: morphine, hydromorphine, fentanyl, and remifentanil
  2. Partial agonists:
    Buprenorphine and tramadol
  3. Agonist-antagonists:
    Butorphanol, nalbuphine
  4. Antagonists:
    Naloxone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which drugs are considered injectable general anesthetics?

A
  1. Barbiturates
  2. Dissociates anesthetics like ketamine
  3. Propofol
  4. Etomidate
  5. Alphaxalone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which drugs are considered local anesthetics?

A
  1. Lidocaine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which drugs are considered inhalant general anesthetics?

A
  1. Sevoflurane
  2. Isoflurane
  3. Desflurane
  4. Nitrous Oxide
17
Q

What is the MOA of acepromazine?

A

Blocks dopaminergic receptors in the basal ganglia and limbic system. Dopamine is involved in awareness and arousal, so if this is blocked from binding to the postsynaptic dopamine receptors, the patient will experience decreases spontaneous motor activity.

18
Q

What kind of drugs do we usually use with acepromazine?

A

Opioids

19
Q

What are the side effects of acepromazine?

A
  1. Vasodilation

2. Hypotension

20
Q

T/F: Acepromazine is not reversible, has a slow onset and long duration of effect, and undergoes hepatic metabolism.

A

True!

21
Q

What are the differences between Diazepam and Midazolam?

A

Diazepam is not water soluble and has slow, undependable IM absorption with a moderate duration of action. Midazolam is water soluble, has a rapid and complete IM absorption, and has a shorter duration of action .

22
Q

What drug is used in euthanasia?

A

Pentobarbital

23
Q

Wha tis phenobarbital used for?

A

Epilepsy

24
Q

With barbiturates, since the undissociated form can only cross the BBB, at what level would the blood pH need in order to lighten anesthesia? Deepen?

A

It would need to be above 7.4 to lighten. A high voice is light.
It would need to be below 7.4 to deepen. A low voice is deep.

25
Q

What is the connection between greyhounds and thiobarbiturates?

A

They have prolonged, rough recoveries because they have a metabolic defect and lack of fat for redistribution. If pretreated for two weeks before hand, will wake up normally.

26
Q

Which drug’s metabolism is enhanced by phenobarbital?

A

Benzodiazepines

27
Q

What are the effects of benzodizepines on the body?

A

Minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects..generally very safe and sedative effects dependable on the young, old and debilitated.

28
Q

What drug is used as an competitive antagonist to benzodiazepine?

A

Flumazenil

29
Q

How do a2 adrenergic agonist drugs mediate sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia in the patient?

A

For sedation and anxiolysis, the presynaptic auto receptors in the brain are bound by the drug resulting in a negative feedback inhibiting NE release to the CNS.

For analgesia, the non-noradrenergic heteroreceptors in the spinal cord and the postsynaptic auto receptors in the pons are bound by the drug.

30
Q

Which drug is a muscle peripheral muscle relaxant that is used in ophthalmology?

A

Cisatracurium

31
Q

How does cisatracurium work?

A

It binds to nicotinic receptors blocking Ach binding and allowing Ach to build up in the synapse..it is non-polarizing and prevents depolarization of the muscle cells.

32
Q

What kind of drug is Guaifenesin and how does it work?

A

It is a central muscle relaxant that acts on internuncial neurons in the spinal cord to modulate tonic muscle activity.

33
Q

What is “triple drip”?

A
  1. Ketamine
  2. Xylazine
  3. Guaifenisen

Three drugs administered IV to large animals to modulate a smoother, faster induction.

Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions