Angiosperms Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What is known as the “most successful plants”?
A
ANGIOSPERMS
2
Q
Angiosperms have _________________ to almost every habitat
A
ADAPTED
3
Q
How doe angiosperms reproduce?
A
SEXUALLY by forming flowers
4
Q
What are the water conducting cells of angiosperms called?
A
“Vessel elemetns”
5
Q
What are the sugar conducting cells I nangiosperms called? “
A
SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
6
Q
What are the four angiosperm plant organs?
A
LEAF
STEM
ROOT
FLOWER
7
Q
What are the two classes discussed in the notetaker from the phylum Magnoliophyta?
A
CLASS LILIOSIDA (monocots)
CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA (dicots)
8
Q
What are the four monocot examples? (PGOL)
A
palms
grasses
orchids
lilies
9
Q
The stem of a monoct is ______________
A
HERBACEOUS
10
Q
What does the term herbaceous mean?
A
GREEN
11
Q
The flowers, leaves, or reproductive parts of monocots are in _______________________
A
THREE’S OR MULTIPLES OF THREE’S
12
Q
What is the leaf venation of monocots?
A
The leaf venation of monocots is primarily parallel
13
Q
What does the term “leaf venation” mean?
A
“Leaf venation” is another name of terming the vascular tissue
14
Q
The seed of a monocot is a single ______________________
A
EMBRYONIC SEED LEAF
15
Q
What is the term of a single embryonic seed leaf in monocots?
A
COTYLEDON
16
Q
What is the stem construction of monocots described as?
A
SCATTERED VASCULAR BUNDLES
17
Q
How is the monocot root system described as?
A
FIBROUS
18
Q
What does the term “fibrous” mean in terms of the monocot root system?
A
It means many roots stemming from the same point
19
Q
Dicots can be either ________________ or ______________
A
HERBACEOUS OR WOODY
20
Q
The flower parts of dicots are in multiples of ___________ or _______________
A
FOUR’S OR FIVES
21
Q
What is the leaf venation of dicots?
A
The leaf venation of dicots is primarily netted
22
Q
What does the term “netted” mean in terms of dicot leaf venation?
A
“Netted” is a term that means intersecting leaf vascular tissue
23
Q
How is the seed of a dicot described?
A
An embryo with two cotyledon
24
Q
Describe the stem construction of dicots
A
Rings of vascular bundles
25
Describe the root of a dicot
A tap root
26
What is a tap root in terms of dicots and their root system?
A larger root that extends farther down than a fibrous root system
27
What are the examples of dicots?
All trees (except Gymnosperms and palms)
28
What is a "blade" in terms of leaves?
A broad, flat leaf shape
29
What is a petiole?
It is the stalk like structure that attaches the blade to the stem
30
What are the "veins" in terms of leaves?
Veins are lines of vascular tissue
31
What is the main function of the leaf?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
32
What is the "axillary bud"?
A bud that produces a leaf
33
What is a "stipule"?
Leaf like growths at the base of the petiole that serves as a protective barrier from some insects
34
What are "trichomes"
hair like structures on the leaf
35
What is the function of the "trichomes"?
Trichomes can prevent overheating and serve as protection
36
Describe the cuticle of a leaf?
A waxy covering
37
PRACTICE YOUR DRAWING HOUSTON
aight jeeze
38
What are the eleven kinds or types of modified leaf structures?
Bud Scales
Tendrils
Insectivorous leaves
Bulbs
Flower Pot leaves
Bracts
Storage Leaves
Reproductive leaves
Cotyledons
39
What are the kinds of leaf arrangement?
Alternate
Opposite
Whorled
40
What is the term used for "leaf arrangement"?
Phyllotaxis
41
What are the three types of leaf venation?
Parallel
Netted Pinnately
Netted Palmately
42
What are the four ways of leaf composition?
Simple
Compound Palmately
Compound Pinnately
Compound Bipinnatley
43
What is the function of bud scales?
It protects the winter buds from injury, freezing, and drying out
44
What is the function of tendrils?
It supports the plant is found in peas and many vines
45
Describe "spines" in accordance to leaf modification
Hard and pointed
46
What is the function of "spines"?
To deter herbivores
47
What is the function of insectivorous leaves?
They trap insects to supplement their nitrogen needs
48
What are the four examples of insectivorous plants? (SBPB)
Sundew
Bladderwort
Pitcher plant
Butterwort
49
What is a "bulb" in accordance to modified leaves?
A short underground stem to which large fleshy leaves are attached
50
What is the function of a bulb?
A bulb is responsible for the storage of food materials and water
51
What are two examples of organisms with "bulbs"? (OL)
Onions
Lilly family
52
What is a function of the flower pot leaf?
It serves as a symbiotic home for ants which in turn bring in soil for the plant
53
How do the roots grow from the leaf in the "flower pot leaf"?
Moisture accumulates in the pouch and roots grow down into the pouch
54
What is a "bract"?
A structure found at the base of flowers that can be mistaken as petals
55
What is the difference between bracts and petals?
Petals don't have vascular tissue while bracts do
56
What are the three examples of organisms with "storage leaves"? (SJS)
String of pearls plant
Jade plant
Stone plants
57
What is the example of an organism with "reproductive leaves"?
The tear drop plant
58
What are cotyledons?
Seed leaves
59
What are the six main functions of stems? (STPPSA)
The support of leaves and reproductive structures
Transport between leaves and roots
Production of new living tissue
photosynthesis
Storage of starch
Asexual reproduction in some species
60
What is a node?
A zone where a leaf is growing
61
What is an internode?
The zone between nodes
62
Describe a "monocot's" arrangement of vascular bundles
SCATTERED
63
Describe "herbaceous dicots'" arrangment of vascular bundles
Herbaceous dicot's arrangment of vascular bundles are formed in a ring
64
Describe "woody dicots" arrangement of vascular bundles
Woody dicots arrangement of vascular bundles are described as concentric cylinders of xylem and phloem
65
What is the function of heart wood?
it functions as a storage for wastes such as resin or sap
66
Where is the "heart wood" located?
Heart wood is the central dense wood
67
What is the sap wood?
Sap wood is the outer, functioning xylem
68
What are "soft woods"?
The term soft wood refers to any wood from a gymnosperm
69
What are hardwoods?
The term hardwood refers to any wood from an angiosperm
70
Some ______________ are really harder than some _________
SOFTWOODS
HARDWOODS
71
Compare and contrast spring wood and summer wood
Springwood has large conducting cells due to increased water availability, while summerwood has smaller conducting cells because of a scarcity of water
72
What are the eight types of modified stems?
STOLONS
TENDRILS
THORNS
SUCCULENT STEMS
BULBS
RHIZOMES
CORMES
TUBERS
73
What is a stolon?
A stolon is a stem that is above the ground and runs horizontally
74
Strawberry's, bermuda grass, and spider plants are examples of _______________
STOLONS
75
______________ may be modified leaves OR stems
TENDRILS
76
Grapes are examples of ____________
TENDRILS
77
Honey locust, and pyracantha are examples of ____________
THORNS
78
CActi and impatients are examples of ____________
SUCCULENT STEMS
79
Johnson grass and ginger are examples of ________________
RHIZOMES
80
What are bulbs?
Short underground stems to which large fleshy leaves are attached
81
Onions, lillies, tulips, and daffodils are examples of ___________________
BULBS
82
Gladuly is an example of which stem modification?
CORMS
83
This irish potato is an example of which stem modificaiton?
TUBER
84
What are the five main root functions?
ANCHORAGE
STORAGE
ABSORPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS
CONDUCTION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (sometimes)
85
What are the two types of root patterns?
TAPROOT
FIBROUS ROOT
86
Dicots have what kind of root system?
TAP ROOTS
87
Monocots have what kind of root system?
FIBROUS ROOTS
88
What are adventituous roots?
Roots that grow from the stem rather than from other roots
89
What are prop roots?
A type of adventitious root that froms from the stem and extends downward into the soil to brace the plant
90
What are contractile roots?
Roots from certain corms and bulbs that grow down into the soil and then contract to pull the bulb downward
91
What are storage roots?
Roots used as a food reservoir for the plant
92
What are aerial roots?
The roots of epiphytes. They are roots that anchor their plant to the bark, branch, or other surfaces
93
Describe the pnematophore's root system
Penmatophores have roots that arise through the soil to "breathe"
94
Describe buttress roots
Swolen bases that support many tropical trees
95
ONCE AGAIN..... PRACTICE DRAWINGS
once again.... GO FUCK YO SELF
96
What are the four regions of root regions?
Area of maturation
Area of elongation
Area of cell division
Root cap
97
What does the area of maturation contain?
ROOT HAIRS
98
What occurs in the "area of elongation"?
The cells grow
99
What is the function of the "root cap"?
It covers and protects the apical meristem
100
What are the swellings that develop on roots of leguminous plants?
Root nodules
101
What are root nodules?
Swellings that house millions of nitrogen fixing bacteria
102
What do the nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules do?
The bacteria convert N2 into NO3
103
What is a "root graft''?
It is a natural connection between roots of trees belonging to the same or different species
104
What are the limiting factors of root absorption?
Nitrogen Phosphorous and Potassium
105
;What is the function of the endosperm?
Food supply
106
What are sepals?
Leaves at the base of the flower
107
What is the term used for "sepals" collectively?
The calyx
108
What is the term that is used for "petals" collectively?
The corolla
109
What are the nine parts of the flower?
Sepals (calyx)
Petals (corolla)
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
110
What is considered a "complete flower"?
A complete has petals, sepals, pistil, and stamen
111
What is considered to be an incomplete flower?
An incomplete flower lacks either petals, sepals, pistil, or the stamen
112
What is a "perfect flower"?
A perfect flower has both a pistil and a samen
113
What is an "imperfect flower"?
An imperfect flower has a pistil or a stamen, but not both
114
When does pollination occur in a flower?
When pollen arrives at the stigma
115
Describe "double fertilization"?
One sperm nucleus fertilizes egg and another sperm nucleus fertilizes 2 polar nuclei.
116
What are two pollination tactics used by flowers?
Wind pollination and insect pollination
117
Technically speaking, what are fruits?
Enlarged ovaries
118
Where are the seeds located in fruits?
Inside usually
119
What are the four different types of fruits?
Simple Fruits
Aggregate fruits
Multiple fruits
Accessory fruits
120
What are the three types of seed dispersal?
WIND
WATER
THROUGH ANIMALS
