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General Biology II > Kingdom Animalia > Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

What are the five characteristics common to most animals?

A

Multicellular

Heterotrohpic

Specialized cells for specialized functions

They are capable of locomotion at some point

Reproduce sexually

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2
Q

What is symmetry in terms of animals?

A

The arrangement of body structures relative to the body axis

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3
Q

What does the term asymmetrical mean?

A

It means that no “cuts” can be made through the organism and make equal halves

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4
Q

What does the term radial symmetrical mean?

A

Radial symmetry has many planes

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5
Q

What does the term bilateral symmetry mean?

A

Bilateral symmetry means that only one plane can be made to give roughly equivalent halves

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6
Q

What are the three tissue layers?

A

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

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7
Q

In early development of all animals, except sponges, cells form layers called ________________

A

GERM LAYERS

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8
Q

What is the “ectoderm”?

A

The outer covering of body and nervous tissue

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9
Q

What is the “endoderm” ?

A

The inner layer that forms lining of digestive tube and structures.

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10
Q

What is the “mesoderm”?

A

It gives rise to skeletal, muscle, cardiovascular, and others

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11
Q

What are the three types of body cavities?

A

`Acoelomate

Pseudocoelomate

True coelomate

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12
Q

Describe the acoelomate body cavity type?

A

Aceolomates have no body cavity

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13
Q

Describe pseudocoelomate body cavity

A

The body cavity is not completely lined with mesoderm

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14
Q

Describe true coelomates

A

True coelomates have a body cavity completely lined with a mesoderm

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15
Q

Sponges are associated with what phylum?

A

Phylum Porifera

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16
Q

What does the term sessile mean?

A

Unable to move

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17
Q

In terms of sponges, what does “benthic” mean?

A

It means to “live at the bottom”

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18
Q

What are sponges supported by?

A

Spicules and spongin

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19
Q

What is “spongoceol”?

A

The central cavity of a sponge

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20
Q

What is the “osculum” in terms of sponges?

A

It is the open end of the sponge

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21
Q

What are “choamocytes” ?

A

The “collar cells” that create water current to bring in food and oxygen in sponges

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22
Q

What are amoeboid cells?

A

Cells that phagocytize food in sponges

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23
Q

How do sponges asexually reproduce?

A

Through budding by gemmules and fragmentation

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24
Q

How do sponges sexually reproduce?

A

By producing eggs and sperm

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25
What are the three types of sponge body types?
Ascon Sycon Leucon
26
Describe the ascon sponge body type
Tube shaped
27
Describe the sycon sponge body type
Folded body wall
28
Describe the leucon sponge body type
highly folded body wall with no spongocoel
29
Cnidarians are mostly ____________________
MARINE
30
Cnidarieans have ______________ definite tissue layers
TWO
31
What is the gastrodermis in terms of cnidarians?
The gastrodermis lines the gastro vascular cavity and functions in digestion
32
What si the mesoglea in terms of cnidarians?
It separates the above two layers
33
What is the function of the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians?
It serves as intake of food and expulsion of wastes
34
What are the two body forms of cnidarians?
The polyp The medusa
35
Describe the upper mouth of the polyp
The upper mouth is surrounded by tentacles
36
What are hermaphrodites?
Organisms that produce eggs and sperm
37
Describe the body of a polyp
The polyp has a stalked tube like body
38
Describe the mouth of a medusa
It's lower mouth i8s surrounded by tentacles
39
The medusa is "__________"
Umbrella like
40
What is the manubrium?
It is the stalk that extends from the mouth of medsa
41
Are polyps sessile or motile?
Sessile
42
Are medusa sessile or motile?
Motile
43
What is the function of the mesoglea?
It separates the epidermis and gastrodermis
44
What is the basal disk?
The basal disk is the structure at the tip of a polyp
45
What are cnidocytes?
Cells that contain nematocysts
46
What are nematocysts?
Stinging threads
47
What is the function of the contractile cells?
The cells use water to form a hydrostatic skeleton
48
What are the three classes from the phylum cnidaria?
Class hydrozoa Class seyphozoa Class anthrozoa
49
Hydras, physailia, and obelia belong to which class and phylum?
Class hydrozoa Phylum Cnidaria
50
True jellyfish belong to which class and phylum?
Class seyphozoa Phylum Cnidaria
51
Corals belong to which class and phylum?
Class Anthozoa Phylum Cnidaria
52
Sea Anemones belong to which class and phylum?
Class Anthozoa Phylum Cnidaria
53
In terms of obelia, what is a "gonozoid"?
A reproductive polyp
54
In terms of obelia, what is a "gastrozoid"?
A feeding polyp (tentacles)
55
In terms of obelia, what is the "cenosnare"?
The red inner layer
56
In terms of obelia, what is the "perisare"?
The blue outer layer
57
Pneumatophores have what three kinds of polyps?
Feeding polyps Defensive polyps Reproductive polyps
58
What is the function of statocysts?
Statocysts detect balance and movement
59
The planarian nervous system is composed of what four things?
Statocysts Eyespots Ganglion Two ventro lateral nerve cords
60
What is the scolex?
The head of a tapeworm
61
What is the proglottid?
A section of a tapeworm
62
Describe a mollusk's foot and its function
The foot of a mollusk is broad, flat, and muscular and is used for locomotion
63
What is the mantle in terms of mollusks?
Thin tissue that covers visceral mass and secretes the shell.
64
What is the function of the hemolymph
With blood, it bathes tissues directly
65
Mollusk have body organs grouped together called a _______________
VISCERAL MASS
66
Describe a dextral shell
It has a clockwise spiral
67
Describe a sinestral shell
It has a counterclockwise spiral
68
In terms of gastropods, what is the radula?
A belt of teeth in te mouth area for scrapping
69
In terms of shell structure, what is the aperture?
It is the opening of the shell
70
In terms of shell structure, what is the operculum?
It is the structure that covers the opening of the shell
71
Describe the periostracum in terms of shell structure.
It is the outermost, thin layer of the shell that is a brownish dark color
72
Describe the prismatic, in terms of shell structure.
It is the middle layer of crystals that has a brownish yellow with a porcelain finish
73
Describe the nacreous, in terms of shell structure.
It is the shiny, peraly inside layer of the shell with the "mother of pearl" look
74
What is the "valve"?
The shell
75
What is the umbo, in terms of shell structure?
The umbo is the oldest part of the shell that is the protruding part of the shell
76
Describe the adductor muscles
Muscles that close the shell
77
What are chromatophores?
Cells that contain pigment granules
78
Brooding,
LOOK THAT SHIT UP
79
What is a hydrostatic skeleton?
A skeleton that is primarily influenced by water
80
What are parapodia?
Biramous appendages from organisms from the class polychaita
81
What is clitellum?
A thickened ring of epidermis that secretes a mucous covering in organisms from the class oligochaeta
82
What is setae?
Bristle like structures that stem from organisms from the class polychaeeta
83
What does the term metemerization mean?
Segmentation
84
What is the function of the cuticle in terms of organisms from the class Oligochaeta?
It protects the organism from drying out
85
What is the clitellum in terms of organisms from the class Oligochaeta?
It is the thickened ring of epidermis that secretes a mucous coveri9ng
86
What is the function of the chelicerae in terms of organisms from the class arachenida?
Its function is to penetrate prey (poison)
87
What is the function of pedipalps in terms of organisms fro mthe class arachenida?
Its function is to hold and chew food
88
What is the water vascular system in terms of organisms from the phylum Echinodermata?
It is a network of fluid filled canals that function in locomotion, fueling gas exchange
89
What is the ambulacral?
The grooves radiating from around the mouth of a starfish
90
What is the madreporite?
It is the perforated plate for the entrance of water in the starfish water vascular system
91
In the starfish water vascular system, what is the stone canal?
The soft tube madreporite to the ring canal
92
In the starfish water vascular system, what is the ring canal?
The ring tube in the central disk
93
In the starfish water vascular system, what is the radial canal?
The five canals running medially through each arm
94
In the starfish water vascular system, what is the lateral canal?
The lead from the radial canal to the tube feet
95
In the starfish water vascular system, what is the lateral canal?
The lead from the radial canal to the tube feet
96
What is the pupa form of a butterfly?
Crhysalis
97
What is the larva form of a butterfly
Caterpillar
98
What is the pupa form of a moth?
Cocoon
99
What is the larva form of a moth?
Caterpillar
100
What is the larva form of flies?
Maggot
101
What is the larva form of mosquitos?
Wiggler
102
What is the larva form of beetles?
Grubs

General Biology II (15 decks)

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