Animal behavior Flashcards
(14 cards)
conditioned reflex
-conditioned reflex is some action or feeling that you learn to do in response to a specific situation or stimulus. An example of a conditioned reflex is if you learn to run to the door to get presents every time your mom gets back from a business trip. -an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.
Habituation
In habituation repeated stimulation results in decreased responsiveness to that stimulus.
Fixed action pattern
innate behavior response to a specific stimulus.
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a form of learning whereby a conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes associated with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus (US) in order to produce a behavioral response known as a conditioned response (CR).
The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. -the association of a normally autonomic or visceral response with an environmental response.
Conditioning
as the establishment of a new reflex ( association of stimulus with response) the addition of a new, previously neutral stimulus to the set of stimulus that are already capable of triggering the response.
Spontaneous recovery
The recovery of the conditioned response after extinction( unlearned)
Operant or instrumental conditioning
involves conditioning responses to stimuli with the use of rewards or reinforcement.
Positive reinforcement: Positive reinforcement means giving something to the subject when they perform the desired action so they associate the action with the reward and do it more often.
negative reinforcement: a person links a certain behavior to the removal of something unpleasant. give a reward.
Punishment: stop exhibiting a certain behavior.
Habit family hierarchy: Reward strengthens a specific behavioral response ans raises its order in the hierarchy.
Intraspecific interactions
occur as a means of communication between members of a species. ex. Display( songs, phyical characteristic)
Agonistic Display
are specific behavior that function to reduce physical harm to the animal .ex puff chest and raise feathers to look bigger.
Explain the difference between a complex reflex and a fixed-action pattern
A complex reflex involves neural intergration at a high level, such as the brainstem or the cerebrum. It involves the neurons within the reticular activation system and as such has a more complex reflex arc than a simple reflex.
-Fixed-action patterns are coordinated behavioral responses to patterns of stimulation. They are innate, as with reflexes, and the triggers that stimulate a fixed-action pattern can be modified.
How does pseudoconditioning differ from classical conditioning?
In pseudoconditioning, the stimulus that the animal has been conditioned to respond to can evoke the conditioned response w/o conditioning, therefore differentiating it from classical conditioning.
What is negative reinforcement?
In contrast to positive reinforcement, where a reward is given following a desired behavior, in negative reinforcement the reward is given following a lack of a certain behavior. In both cases a reward is given, but in negative reinforcement it is rewarding a behavior the animal did not do rather than one it did do.
Describe the critical period.
The critical period is a time in ananimal’s development when it can develop specific behavior patterns. If the animal does not properly interact with the enviroment during this time, the behavioral pattern will not develop or will not develop properly.
What is the difference between releaser pheromones and primer pheromones?
Releaser pheromones trigger a reversible change in the recipient, (sex-attractant and alarm or toxic defensive)
whereas primer pheromones produce long- term behavioral and physiological changes in the recipient.
