Animal Immunity Flashcards
(14 cards)
1
Q
2 lines of immune defense in animals
A
- First line of Defense: the skin
- Second line of defense: primary and secondary response
2
Q
Primary Response
A
Destroys germs via inflammation and fevers
3
Q
Secondary Response
A
Immune system is activated for the destruction of germs and a memory of the response.
4
Q
How B Lymphocytes work
A
- process information from antigen
- replicates itself
- stimulated to produce antibodies
- antibodies destroy or neutralize germs by combining with antigen
- some B Lymphocytes stay in glands as memory cells
5
Q
How antibodies work
A
- make germs clump together
- labels germs for phagocytosis
- cause cells to burst
- neutralise bacterial toxins via antitoxins
6
Q
What T Lymphocytes are made up of
A
- CD4 cells
- Killer T cells
- Suppressor Cells
7
Q
What CD4 cells do
A
- help other cells
- strengthens immune response
8
Q
What Killer T cells do
A
destroy infected cells via perforin
9
Q
What Suppressor cells do
A
stop the response once it is over
10
Q
Role of phagocytes
A
Engulf germs via phagocytosis
11
Q
the process of Phagocytosis
A
- phagocytes move around the body looking for germs
- squeeze through gaps in capillary walls and reach any part of the body
- engulfs germ in a phagosome
- hydrolytic enzymes digest and destroy germ
- the organic molecules left behind are absorbed into cytoplasm
12
Q
antitoxin
definition
A
antibody released by a B Lymphocyte that neutralises a bacterial toxin or virus.
13
Q
antibody
definition
A
a protein made by B lymphocytes that destroy or neutralises a germ
14
Q
antigen
A
a protein or large polysaccharide molecule in the coating of a virus or bacterium
