Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Nutrition is required for these 3 basic needs

Answer 1

maintenance (HR, RR, digestion), growth, reproduction

Question 2

secondary needs that require proper nutrition

Answer 2

production (eggs, milk, etc.), finish of meat animals, performance (racing)

Question 3

why protein is needed

Answer 3

additional growth, reproduction, lactation, cell formation

Question 4

what a protein deficiency causes

Answer 4

poor growth, lack of production, reproductive issues

Question 5

excess protein can cause

Answer 5

joint disease, reproductive disease

Question 6

most expensive nutritional component

Answer 6

protein

Question 7

energy is needed for

Answer 7

body functions (in measured amounts)

Question 8

an energy deficeincy can cause

Answer 8

poor growth, decreased production, no energy for handling stress/protecting against disease

Question 9

an excess in energy can cause

Answer 9

overconditioning or obesity, joint disease, osteocondritis dissicans (OCD)

Question 10

what is OCD, in what cases is it most common

Answer 10

osteocondritis dissicans, seen in large fast growing animals, swollen hock joint, common in horses and dogs fed an excessive high energy feed

Question 11

what salt is needed for

Answer 11

water balance, kidney function, eliminates waste

Question 12

excess v deficient salt

Answer 12

excess- salt toxicity

deficiency- Pica (animal eats nonnutritive things; ex: cattle eating rocks or drinking urine)

Question 13

what calcium and phosphorus are needed for

Answer 13

needed in ratio, important for lactation

Question 14

what a calcium:phosphorus deficiency causes

Answer 14

bone disease (osteoporosis- less dense bones)

Question 15

what iron is needed for

Answer 15

needed for hemoglobin production in RBCs

Question 16

what hemoglobin does

Answer 16

helps bring O2 to tissues and carry CO2 away

Question 17

why iron is important in young pigs

Answer 17

born anemic (not enough RBCs)

Question 18

selenium works in conjunction w

Answer 18

vitamin E

Question 19

Selenium:Vitamin E is needed for

aids in:

Answer 19

antioxidants (counteract byproducts of metabolism), keep tissue healthy, bolster immunity.
aids in: muscle tone, healthy mammary glands, fertility improvement

Question 20

selenium:vitamin E deficiency causes

Answer 20

white muscle disease (WMD) primarily in young, necrosis of muscle tissue

Question 21

when should a selenium:vitamin E supplement be given

Answer 21

if soil is deficient, usually give to young or dam

Question 22

vitamin A is needed for

Answer 22

epithelial tissue (skin, hair, sight)

Question 23

Vitamin B (thiamene) deficiency most common in 
can cause:

Answer 23

most common in young ruminants

can cause: polioencephalomalacia in ruminants (not same as ppl polio), neurological disease

Question 24

signs of a vitamin B deficient animal w neurological disease

Answer 24

ataxia (staggering and uncoordinagted), blindness, opisthotonus (head tilted back)

Question 25

vitamin C is needed (a little)for

Answer 25

skin and joints

Question 26

animal who produces own vitamin C

Answer 26

guinea pigs

Question 27

vitamin C deficiency can cause

Answer 27

scurvy (skin and joint disease, breaks down tissues)

Question 28

Vitamin D is required for

Answer 28

calcium absorption

Question 29

Vitamin D deficiency can cause

Answer 29

osteoporosis, rickets in young , osteomalacia (poorly developed bones), hypocalcium in mature

Question 30

what is rickets (what it looks like )

Answer 30

weakened bones; as animal grows, long bones become permenantly distorted

Question 31

how vitamin D is produced

Answer 31

UV light

Question 32

why vitamin K is needed

Answer 32

small ammounts required for blood clotting

Question 33

why poisons like rat poison contain substances that tie up Vitamin K

Answer 33

blood wont clot, animal bleeds to death

Question 34

rumination and cudchewing in ruminents is a sign of ____ health

Answer 34

good

Question 35

who can tolerate contaminants like mold? simple stomached or ruminants

Answer 35

ruminants

Question 36

water should be given how?

Answer 36

free choice

Question 37

a good feeding practice involves giving animals how much feed ? a) as much as they want b) as little as possible c) measured amounts

Answer 37

c

Question 38

what is ergot poisoning (ergotism)

Answer 38

``` severe mold (ergot) that produces myotoxins, ergot is found on some plants constricts blood vessels, feet/ears lose blood supply ```

Question 39

clinical signs of internal parasites

Answer 39

thin, poor growth and hair coat, diarrhea, anemia, abdominal pain (colic in horses)

Question 40

clinical signs of external parasites

Answer 40

itching (can lead to injury/ trauma), anemia (from bloodsuckers), act as vectors of disease